Lithium-induced follicular hyperkeratosis

Wakelin, S. H.; Lipscombe, T.; Orton, D.I.; Marren, P.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00100.x

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Finally, Wakelin et al . 17 presented a case of lithium‐induced follicular hyperkeratosis showing perifollicular inflammation and follicular plugging on histology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) on in‐vitro‐cultured normal human skin explants

Wolf¹,

D’Avino²,

Angelis³

et al. 2000

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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The early morphological changes induced by lithium carbonate, a well-known psoriasis-provoking drug, were studied on cultured skin. Normal human skin from patients undergoing mastectomy was cultured in the presence of 3 mM, 6 mM and 10 mM of Li2CO3 for 4 days. The morphological changes were then evaluated by three observers in a blind manner and their reports were matched and collated. The cultured skin in the presence of Li2CO3 showed cell crowding of keratinocytes in the lower part of the epidermis, indicating epidermal hyperplasia. Another striking finding was intercellular oedema and vacuolar alteration with formation of small cavities in the upper dermis. There was no evidence of parakeratosis or any other histological characteristic of psoriasis, except hyperproliferation of the epidermis. Based on our knowledge of mechanisms of lithium action, we proposed two competitive explanations for its action on the epidermis: i) that lithium acts directly on dividing cells of the epidermis; and ii) that it acts indirectly by altering epidermal barrier function. Although we lack definite proof, we suggest that the observed morphological changes, in particular the non-specific stimulus to epidermal proliferation, are the primary events which initiate the process that will ultimately lead to the development of psoriasis in a predisposed patient.

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“…Finally, Wakelin et al . 17 presented a case of lithium‐induced follicular hyperkeratosis showing perifollicular inflammation and follicular plugging on histology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) on in‐vitro‐cultured normal human skin explants

Wolf¹,

D’Avino²,

Angelis³

et al. 2000

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…It is also increased in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 1217 Follicular keratotic plugs resembling keratosis pilaris may be found in keratosis pilaris rubra, keratosis pilaris atrophicans (see below), lichen spinulosus (see p. 434), pityriasis rubra pilaris, ichthyosis, psoriasis, some eczemas, lithium therapy, 1218 and uremia. 1215 Unilateral involvement has been reported.…”

Section: Keratosis Pilarismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases of cutaneous appendages

Weedon

2010

Weedon's Skin Pathology

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“…11) Cerebellar atropic changes related to lithium therapy 12) and peri-follicular inflammation and follicular plugging 13) even with the therapeutic limit of lithium level of blood have been observed. The occurrences of choreoathetosis 14) and abnormalities in lung and respiratory tract have also been reported by intake of lithium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lithium Induced Toxicity in Rats: A Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Study

Sharma

Iqbal

2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The effect of long-term lithium treatment on renal function has been a matter of concern for about a quarter of centaury and remains controversial. For the last five decades researchers have been paying much attention to the lithium salts due to their therapeutic uses in controlling a variety of neurotic and psychosomatic manic depressions, neurotoxicity, affecting muricidal behavior and lithium sickness. [1][2][3][4] Extensive usage of lithium and its compounds in pharmaceuticals, dehumidifying and air conditioning units, ceramics and metallurgical processes, lubricants and in a number of chemical and biological laboratories brings this lightest alkali metal in close contact of human.Toxicity of lithium may be caused while taken as medicine. 5,6) Lithium salts cause ocular side effects, 7) polyuria, polydipsia, loss of body mass 8) and impaired renal concentration capacity after water deprivation.9) Lithium salts used as medicine can readily cross the placental barriers and produce teratogenic effects and toxicity. 10) In early pregnancy, lithium salt therapy elicited to be associated with a several fold increase in the incidence of cardiovascular anomalies in newborn, including tricuspid valve abnormalities.11) Cerebellar atropic changes related to lithium therapy 12) and peri-follicular inflammation and follicular plugging 13) even with the therapeutic limit of lithium level of blood have been observed. The occurrences of choreoathetosis 14) and abnormalities in lung and respiratory tract have also been reported by intake of lithium.15) Hypochromic microcytic anemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperglycemia, glycogenolysis, disturbance in TCA cycle and stimulation in transamination reaction in liver and kidney following repeated intramuscular injections of lithium nitrate in laboratory animals have been reported previously. 16,17) Renal insufficiency in long term lithium treatment has also been reported recently.18) This is an endeavor to study the histopathological and biochemical impacts of intake of small doses of lithium nitrate on renal tissue along with some blood parameters in male albino rats. Our results suggest that small doses of lithium induces toxicity in rats and therefore, studies evaluating its long-term tolerability are important. MATERIALS AND METHODS ChemicalsLithium nitrate, sodium citrate, diethylbarbiturate, 3,5-dinitrosalicilate, ammonium molybdate, citric acid, diacetylmonoxime, b sodium glycero phosphate, a ketoglutarate, a L-alaline, L-aspartate, sodium hypochlorite, trichloroacetic acid, and dinitrophenyl hydrazine were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St Louis, MO, U.S.A.). All other chemicals and reagent used were either of analytical grade or of highest purity, commercially available.Animals and Treatments Animals experiments were approved by animal care committee of Jamia Hamdard, care and handling of animals were in accordance with Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines. Male albino wistar rats (4-6 weeks) weighing 125-150 g, from Jamia Hamdard Central Animal House Col...

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Lithium-induced follicular hyperkeratosis

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) on in‐vitro‐cultured normal human skin explants

Effects of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) on in‐vitro‐cultured normal human skin explants

Diseases of cutaneous appendages

Lithium Induced Toxicity in Rats: A Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Study

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Lithium-induced follicular hyperkeratosis

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) on in‐vitro‐cultured normal human skin explants

Effects of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) on in‐vitro‐cultured normal human skin explants

Diseases of cutaneous appendages

Lithium Induced Toxicity in Rats: A Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Study

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Effects of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) on in‐vitro‐cultured normal human skin explants

Effects of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) on in‐vitro‐cultured normal human skin explants