Lithium in Tap Water and Suicide Mortality in Japan

Sugawara, Norio; Yasui‐Furukori, Norio; Ishii, Nobuyoshi; Iwata, Noboru; Terao, Takeshi

doi:10.3390/ijerph10116044

Cited by 55 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Die Resultate stimmen mit zuletzt zunehmenden ökologischen Studien aus Texas [4,5], Japan [6,30], Österreich [7] und Griechenland [8] überein, die nachweisen konnten, dass Lithiumvorkommen in der Umwelt -speziell im Trinkwasser -mit einer niedrigeren Suizidmortalität assoziiert sind.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Einfluss von natürlichen Lithiumsalzvorkommen auf die Suizidmortalität in Chile 2000–2009: Eine geographische Analyse

et al. 2017

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ZusammenfassungGrundlagen Es gibt zunehmende Evidenz für einen protektiven Effekt natürlicher Lithiumsalzvorkommen im Trinkwasser auf die Suizidraten der betroffenen Bevölkerung. Ziel der Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob die lithiumreiche Atacama-Region in Chile im Vergleich zu anderen Regionen mit einer niedrigeren Suizidmortalität assoziiert ist. Methodik Suizidstatistiken wurden vom chilenischen Gesundheitsministerium erhoben. Sozioökonomische Variablen (Arbeitslosenrate, medianes Haushaltseinkommen, Grad der Urbanisierung, Anteil der indigenen Bevölkerung) aller chilenischen Regionen wurden vom nationalen Statistikinstitut angefordert. Wir be-

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Section: Diskussionunclassified

Einfluss von natürlichen Lithiumsalzvorkommen auf die Suizidmortalität in Chile 2000–2009: Eine geographische Analyse

et al. 2017

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“…There is increasing evidence that Li is effective in lowering the risk of suicide [1]. Several meta-analyses have shown the antisuicidal effects of Li in people have depression and bipolar disorder [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Lithium Contents in Scalp Hair Samples of Different Male Psychiatric Patients Before and After Treatment with its Pharmaceutical Supplements

Tg¹,

Baloch²,

Hi³

et al. 2016

Pharm Anal Acta

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The biological, medical and environmental roles of lithium (Li) have attracted considerable attention over last many decades, especially as medications for treating bipolar disorder. The aim of this follow up study was to compare the Li concentration in scalp hair samples of male psychiatric patients (schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder), before and after treatment with Li therapy for different time intervals (six and twelve months). For comparative purpose, the scalp hair samples were also collected from healthy male subjects of same socioeconomic and age group. The scalp hair samples were oxidized by 65% HNO 3 : 30% H 2 O 2 (2:1) in microwave oven. The digested scalp hair samples were analyzed for Li by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The resulted data indicated that the contents of Li in scalp hair samples of different types of psychiatric patients (schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder) were 46.0-55.7% lower as compared to healthy individuals (p<0.001). It was observed that the Li concentration in scalp hair were enhanced 22-27% and 40-49% psychiatric disorder patients after six and twelve month's treatment with Li supplementation, respectively. It was concluded that pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders has been associated with changes in the balance of Li concentration in human subjects.

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“…Several epidemiological studies have shown the inverse association of lithium levels in tap water and suicide rates [1][2][3][4][5][6], although a few studies failed to find such association [7] or have reported an ambiguous association [8]. However, many people drink both mineral water and tap water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of lithium levels between Japanese and foreign mineral waters

Ishii¹,

Terao²,

Shiotsuki³

et al. 2017

CNPT

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Purpose: To measure the lithium levels of mineral waters and compare those of Japanese mineral waters to foreign ones. Methods: The lithium levels of Japanese mineral waters, foreign mineral waters, and Japanese tap waters were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test due to a skewed distribution. Results: As a whole, there was a significant difference between the 3 groups. Post hoc comparison by Bonferroni correction revealed that the lithium levels of foreign mineral waters were significantly higher than Japanese mineral waters and tap waters, though there was no significant difference between Japanese mineral waters and tap waters. Discussion: The present findings indicate that foreign mineral waters may have higher lithium levels than Japanese mineral waters and tap waters. In future studies, it is desirable to consider which type of mineral waters (Japanese or foreign) the residents drink, for adjustment of the analytic data of any potential lithium effect on suicide rates and other mental states.

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Lithium in Tap Water and Suicide Mortality in Japan

Cited by 55 publications

References 10 publications

Einfluss von natürlichen Lithiumsalzvorkommen auf die Suizidmortalität in Chile 2000–2009: Eine geographische Analyse

Einfluss von natürlichen Lithiumsalzvorkommen auf die Suizidmortalität in Chile 2000–2009: Eine geographische Analyse

Variation of Lithium Contents in Scalp Hair Samples of Different Male Psychiatric Patients Before and After Treatment with its Pharmaceutical Supplements

Comparison of lithium levels between Japanese and foreign mineral waters

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