“…However, the injection barrier of electrons is usually as high as 1.3-2.3 eV, since ITO, possessing a WF of about 4.7 eV, is widely used as a transparent cathode in inverted bottom OLEDs (IBOLEDs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of most electron transport materials is only 2.4-3.4 eV. [10][11][12] As a result, the injection of electrons is very difficult, which seriously restricts the performance of IBOLEDs. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] To date, some efforts have been made for improving the electron injection efficiency of IBOLEDs.…”
The enhancement of charge injection is significant to lower the voltage, reduce the power consumption, improve the efficiency, and prolong the lifetime of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, effective strategies...
“…However, the injection barrier of electrons is usually as high as 1.3-2.3 eV, since ITO, possessing a WF of about 4.7 eV, is widely used as a transparent cathode in inverted bottom OLEDs (IBOLEDs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of most electron transport materials is only 2.4-3.4 eV. [10][11][12] As a result, the injection of electrons is very difficult, which seriously restricts the performance of IBOLEDs. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] To date, some efforts have been made for improving the electron injection efficiency of IBOLEDs.…”
The enhancement of charge injection is significant to lower the voltage, reduce the power consumption, improve the efficiency, and prolong the lifetime of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, effective strategies...
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