Lithistid sponges of the upper bathyal of Madeira, Selvagens and Canary Islands, with description of a new species of<i>Isabella</i>

Carvalho, Francisca C; Pomponi, Shirley A.; Xavier, Joana R.

doi:10.1017/s0025315414001179

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The genus Vetulina is an example of a disjunct distribution (Caribbean and Eastern Indian Ocean or even SW Pacific) also reported for some other sponges (Carvalho et al 2015;Łukowiak 2016), brachiopods (Bitner et al 2008;Bitner and Motchurova-Dekova 2016), ostracods (Iglikowska and Boxshall 2013) and other crustacean fauna (Jaume and Humphreys 2001;Hoenemann et al 2013). The key event causing this species isolation is the closure of the Tethyan Seaway in the late Early Miocene (Rögl 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

First record of the genus Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Sphaerocladina) from the Indian Ocean with the description of two new species: biogeographic and evolutionary significance

et al. 2017

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Two new species of the genus Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 (Demospongiae, Vetulinidae, Sphaerocladina) were found off the coast of Western Australia (Indian Ocean). This genus is characterized by acrepid polyaxial desmas (sphaeroclones) equipped with arborescent branched outgrowths with spine-like processes and isometric styles as microscleres. Vetulina indica sp. nov. is an irregular, laterally folded ear-shaped cup with smooth surfaces, and V. rugosa sp. nov. is similar in shape but with a distinctive ribbed inner surface. Both species are very similar in spicule composition, but are distinguished by their gross morphology and pattern of canal openings on the surface. Despite the fact that we could not distinguish the two specimens based on molecular (CO1) data, we consider them as two separate species based on the morphological species concept. Our molecular phylogeny confirms again that Vetulina is sister to spongillids (freshwater sponges). This is the first occurrence of this genus outside the Caribbean Atlantic, and the first report from the Indian Ocean. Such a disjunct distribution is considered here to be a relict of a once widely distributed sponge population in the ancient Tethys Sea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

First record of the genus Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Sphaerocladina) from the Indian Ocean with the description of two new species: biogeographic and evolutionary significance

et al. 2017

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“…Racodiscula clava sensu Topsent (1892Topsent ( , 1904Topsent ( , 1928; Exsuperantia sp. Carvalho et al (2015). External morphology.…”

Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was previously recorded as Racodiscula clava sensu Topsent (1892Topsent ( , 1904Topsent ( , 1928 and Exsuperantia sp. (Cárdenas et al 2011;Carvalho et al 2015) for the Northeast Atlantic.…”

Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision of the genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen, 2009 (Tetractinellida: Phymaraphiniidae) with description of a new species from the Atlantic Ocean

Carvalho

Pisera

2019

Zootaxa

633

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Phymaraphiniidae Schrammen 1924 (Porifera: Astrophorina) is a family of lithistid demosponges that has received little attention in the past decades. The systematic problems within this family have not been addressed for a long time due to the absence of new records and material. The genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen 2009 was first described by Schmidt (1879) as Rimella to allocate the species Rimella clava, found in the Caribbean. In 1892, Topsent found what he thought to be the same species described by Schmidt in the Azores, and synonymized it with Racodiscula clava, as he thought this species belonged to the family Theonellidae Lendenfeld 1903. However, Rimella and Racodiscula belong to distinct families: Rimella to Phymaraphiniidae, and Racodiscula to Theonellidae. Due to the fact that the genus Rimella was already preoccupied by a gastropod, it was renamed as Exsuperantia. In result of the poor preservation of Schmidt’s material and the absence of new specimens, the attribution of Topsent’s specimens to the family level remained obscure. Here, we review the genus Exsuperantia based on the analysis of new material recently collected during various research expeditions in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The comparison of these new specimens with Schmidt’s and Topsent’s type material, allowed us to assign Topsent’s specimens to a new species, Exsuperantia archipelagus sp. nov., and confirm its attribution to the family Phymaraphiniidae (not Theonellidae). Phylogenetic reconstructions using newly generated sequences of the cytochrome subunit (COI) marker also support the assignment of the new species to the family Phymaraphiniidae (not Theonellidae).

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“…So far, 17 species have been described and recorded from the Azores (Carvalho & Pisera, 2019;Gray, 1859;Topsent, 1928Topsent, , 1904Topsent, , 1898Topsent, , 1892, Madeira and Selvagens (Bowerbank, 1869;Carter, 1873;Carvalho & Pisera, 2019;Johnson, 1863), Canary Islands (Carvalho & Pisera, 2019;Cruz, 2002;Topsent, 1892), Portugal mainland (Schmidt, 1870) and Morocco (Lendenfeld, 1907), whereas in the Mediterranean Sea, 15 species have been reported (Maldonado et al, 2015;Manconi, Serusi & Pisera, 2006;Manconi & Serusi, 2008;Perez et al, 2004;Pisera & Vacelet, 2011;Pulitzer-Finali, 1972;Vacelet, 1969). They are commonly found on hard substrate at 110-1,700 m depth (Carter, 1873;Carvalho, Pomponi & Xavier, 2015;Topsent, 1928), whereas in the Mediterranean Sea they usually occur in shallower waters or in cave systems (Manconi & Serusi, 2008;Pisera & Vacelet, 2011). Although the knowledge on distribution for lithistids in the NEA has been increasing, there is no data regarding their occurrence on seamounts in the area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock sponges (lithistid Demospongiae) of the Northeast Atlantic seamounts, with description of ten new species

Carvalho

Cárdenas

Ríos

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Lithistid demosponges, also known as rock sponges, are a polyphyletic group of sponges which are widely distributed. In the Northeast Atlantic (NEA), 17 species are known and the current knowledge on their distribution is mainly restricted to the Macaronesian islands. In the Mediterranean Sea, 14 species are recorded and generally found in marine caves. Methods Lithistids were sampled in nine NEA seamounts during the scientific expeditions Seamount 1 (1987) and Seamount 2 (1993) organized by the MNHN of Paris. Collected specimens were identified through the analyses of external and internal morphological characters using light and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with material from various museum collections as well as literature records. Results A total of 68 specimens were analysed and attributed to 17 species across two orders, seven families, and seven genera, representing new records of distribution. Ten of these species are new to science, viz. Neoschrammeniella inaequalis sp. nov., N. piserai sp. nov., N. pomponiae sp. nov., Discodermia arbor sp. nov., D. kellyae sp. nov., Macandrewia schusterae sp. nov., M. minima sp. nov., Exsuperantia levii sp. nov., Leiodermatium tuba sp. nov. and Siphonidium elongatus sp. nov., and are here described and illustrated. New bathymetric records were also found for D. ramifera, D. verrucosa and M. robusta. The Meteor seamount group has a higher species richness (15 species) compared to the Lusitanian seamount group (six species). The majority of the species had their distribution restricted to one seamount, and ten are only known from a single locality, but this can be a result of sample bias. Discussion The number of species shared between the seamounts and the Macaronesian islands is very reduced. The same pattern repeats between the NEA and Mediterranean Sea. This study demonstrates that NEA seamounts are ecosystems with a higher diversity of lithistids than previously thought, increasing the number of lithistids known to occur in the NEA and Mediterranean Sea from 26 to 36 species.

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Lithistid sponges of the upper bathyal of Madeira, Selvagens and Canary Islands, with description of a new species ofIsabella

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

First record of the genus Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Sphaerocladina) from the Indian Ocean with the description of two new species: biogeographic and evolutionary significance

First record of the genus Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 (Porifera: Demospongiae: Sphaerocladina) from the Indian Ocean with the description of two new species: biogeographic and evolutionary significance

Revision of the genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen, 2009 (Tetractinellida: Phymaraphiniidae) with description of a new species from the Atlantic Ocean

Rock sponges (lithistid Demospongiae) of the Northeast Atlantic seamounts, with description of ten new species

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