“…The first focus area of this article is entrepreneurial orientation (Wales, Gupta, & Mousa, 2013), which has been demonstrated to be critical to firm performance (Abbas, Banu, & Ugheoke, 2023;Abdulrab et al, 2020Abdulrab et al, , 2021Alam et al, 2022;, including market share, sales growth, profitability, stakeholder satisfaction and overall performance (Lumpkin & Dess, 1996). Entrepreneurial orientation can be viewed as a strategic management approach that emphasizes a firm's willingness, readiness and ability to innovate, take risks and be proactive in identifying and exploiting new opportunities (Davis, Greg Bell, Tyge Payne, & Kreiser, 2010;Rauch, Wiklund, Lumpkin, & Frese, 2009;Swierczek & Ha, 2003).…”