Literature Review: Predisposing, Enabling and Reinforcing Factors that Influence Community Open Defecation Behavior in Indonesia

Abstract

Open defecation is a condition where a person defecates in an open place which can cause environmental pollution and trigger many diseases such as diarrhea and cholera. In Indonesia, in 2020 there were 19 million people still doing open defecation. Thus from that data, Indonesia became the 4th country with the highest open defecation population in Southeast Asia. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the open defecation behavior of Indonesian people. This research used the literature review method by collecting, analyzing, integrating, and presenting data from previous studies relevant to this research. Literature selection refers to the PRISMA flow diagram. The review is limited to research articles in 2017-2022 indexed by Scopus and Crossref for international journals and indexed by Sinta and Garuda for national journals. Based on the selection results, 31 relevant types of research were obtained for review. It was found that predisposing factors that influence the open defecation behavior of Indonesian people include education, knowledge, occupation, economic status, attitudes, and habits. Enabling factors include land availability, latrines availability, clean water availability, latrine conditions, and geographical conditions. Reinforcing factors include the role of health workers, community leaders, families, and cadres.