Literature Review on Timber–Concrete Composite Structures in Fire

Hozjan, Tomaž; Bedon, Chiara; Ogrin, Anita; Cvetkovska, Meri; Klippel, Michael

doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002418

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For timber (Wang et al ., 2020), steel (Laím et al ., 2022), concrete (Wang et al ., 2018), steel-concrete (Kang et al ., 2018) or timber-concrete (Hozjan et al ., 2019) load-bearing components, specific modelling assumptions have been validated in the years, to efficiently reproduce the experimental conditions and support/extend expensive experimental tests. In most of cases, it is generally recognized that FE numerical tools can efficiently support the analysis and verification.…”

Section: State Of Art and Research Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Bedon

Louter

2023

JSFE

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PurposeGlass material is largely used for load-bearing components in buildings. For this reason, standardized calculation methods can be used in support of safe structural design in common loading and boundary conditions. Differing from earlier literature efforts, the present study elaborates on the load-bearing capacity, failure time and fire endurance of ordinary glass elements under fire exposure and sustained mechanical loads, with evidence of major trends in terms of loading condition and cross-sectional layout. Traditional verification approaches for glass in cold conditions (i.e. stress peak check) and fire endurance of load-bearing members (i.e. deflection and deflection rate limits) are assessed based on parametric numerical simulations.Design/methodology/approachThe mechanical performance of structural glass elements in fire still represents an open challenge for design and vulnerability assessment. Often, special fire-resisting glass solutions are used for limited practical applications only, and ordinary soda-lime silica glass prevails in design applications for load-bearing members. Moreover, conventional recommendations and testing protocols in use for load-bearing members composed of traditional constructional materials are not already addressed for glass members. This paper elaborates on the fire endurance and failure detection methods for structural glass beams that are subjected to standard ISO time–temperature for fire exposure and in-plane bending mechanical loads. Fire endurance assessment methods are discussed with the support of Finite Element (FE) numerical analyses.FindingsBased on extended parametric FE analyses, multiple loading, geometrical and thermo-mechanical configurations are taken into account for the analysis of simple glass elements under in-plane bending setup and fire exposure. The comparative results show that – in most of cases – thermal effects due to fire exposure have major effects on the actual load-bearing capacity of these members. Moreover, the conventional stress peak verification approach needs specific elaborations, compared to traditional calculations carried out in cold conditions.Originality/valueThe presented numerical results confirm that the fire endurance analysis of ordinary structural glass elements is a rather complex issue, due to combination of multiple aspects and influencing parameters. Besides, FE simulations can provide useful support for a local and global analysis of major degradation and damage phenomena, and thus support the definition of simple and realistic verification procedures for fire exposed glass members.

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Section: State Of Art and Research Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Bedon

Louter

2023

JSFE

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“…Thus far, behaviour of TCC structural elements in fire has been extensively experimentally investigated [20] and both analytical simplified methods and numerical methods for fire safe design have been developed, see for example [19,21,22], respectively. However, the variety of designs and complexity of behaviour of TCC structural elements in fire conditions calls for further research.…”

Section: Fire Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timber-Concrete Composite Structural Elements

Ogrin¹,

Hozjan²

2022

Engineered Wood Products for Construction

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Timber-concrete composites are interesting engineered wood products usually used for structural elements, which are mainly subjected to bending load; from simple floor systems to long-span bridges. This way, the advantage can be taken of timber tensile strength and concrete compression strength. The chapter begins with an introduction of various types of timber-concrete composite structural elements regarding type of the element, connection type and types of timber and concrete. Next, specific characteristics and advantages of timber-concrete composite structural elements are thoroughly discussed from viewpoints of engineering, architecture, builders and ecology. Furthermore, basic mechanical principles of timber-concrete composite structural elements are presented and some design methods are briefly described. Finally, worldwide inclusion of timber-concrete composite structures in currently applicable standards is discussed.

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“…The CLT and concrete slab are commonly connected together by shear connections to develop the timber-concrete composite (TCC) slab. This TCC slab as one of the most environmental friendly floor systems is widely used in modern multi story timber buildings, which takes the following advantages: high bearing capacity and rigidity [3], improved vibration and acoustic performance [4,5], reduced floor depth [6], excellent fire resistance [7,8] and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Connection Performance of Timber-Concrete Composite Slabs with Inclined Self-Tapping Screws under High Temperature

Zhen-tao¹,

Lu²,

Bao³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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The timber-concrete composite (TCC) slabs have become a preferred choice of floor systems in modern multi story timber buildings. This TCC slab consisted of timber and a concrete slab which were commonly connected together with inclined self-tapping screws (STSs). To more accurately predict the fire performance of TCC slabs, the mechanical behavior of TCC connections under high temperature was investigated by numerical simulation in this study. The interface slip of TCC connections was simulated by a proposed Finite Element (FE) model at room temperature, and different diameter and penetration length screws were considered. The effectiveness of this FE model was validated by comparing with the existing experimental results. Furthermore, the sequentially coupling thermal stress analyses of this model were conducted, and the relationship between the reduction coefficient of connection performance and the effective penetration length of screws was summarized. This study gave the fitting expressions for the reduction coefficient of slip modulus and joint strength. Finally, the numerical investigations of the fire performance of TCC slabs considering the char fall-off of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed reduction law. Comparing the fire-resistance time with experimental results showed deviation of the proposed model was −14.02%.

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Literature Review on Timber–Concrete Composite Structures in Fire

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Timber-Concrete Composite Structural Elements

Numerical Investigation of Connection Performance of Timber-Concrete Composite Slabs with Inclined Self-Tapping Screws under High Temperature

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