Literature Review of Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde for Cesium Ion Exchange

Brown, G.N.

doi:10.2172/1160199

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The SRF resin in two 10-mL beds maintained the Cs exchange efficacy after processing 12.3 L of AP-105DF in six cycles with reasonable efficiency despite the synergistic resin degradation effects from the combined radiological dose and chemical and physical (shrink/swell) exposures. These results support test observations and conclusions previously described in SRF literature reviews (King 2007;Brown 2014…”

Section: A Quantity Of 275supporting

confidence: 92%

Multi-Cycle Cesium Ion Exchange Testing Using Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin with Diluted Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-105

Fiskum

Allred

Colburn

et al. 2018

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Executive SummaryWashington River Protection Solutions requested that at least 4 L of Hanford tank waste collected from tank 241-AP-105 and diluted to approximately 5.6 M Na (AP-105DF) be prepared for use in vitrification studies. Cesium removal was required to meet this objective and the waste pretreatment platform, established at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, was used to create the vitrification feed. The Test Platform mimicked the Low-Activity Waste Pretreatment System (LAWPS) facility planned to pretreat Hanford tank waste supernate by removing solids in a cross flow filter apparatus and processing the supernate through ion exchange columns to remove cesium. At the time of testing, the ion exchange media was targeted to be spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde (SRF) resin. 1 The SRF resin has been tested with a wide array of simulants and process scales, but column performance testing with actual tank waste had been somewhat limited to two Hanford tank wastes (AP-101 and AN-102) in up to two process cycles. This report describes testing conducted in a total of six load elute cycles with the AP-105DF tank waste. The column system was first tested with simulant and was previously described 2,3 ; this report describes the six process cycle results with the AP-105DF tank waste.Column testing was conducted on SRF resin provided by Microbeads AS (Skedsmokorset, Norway, batch number 1F-370/1392), which was manufactured in August 2011. The column testing was prototypic to the intended LAWPS operations in a lead-lag column format, albeit on a small-scale basis with 10-mL resin beds. In this configuration, neither the length-to-diameter ratio nor the superficial flow velocity matched the full-scale design. In this process, the feed was directed downflow through the lead column and then through the lag column. Loading continued until the lag column reached 10% of the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant contract limit for receiving supernatant waste for vitrification (a function of the Na and 137 Cs concentrations). As a result of this process condition, the lead column was nearly saturated with Cs. After loading, the feed was displaced with 0.1 M NaOH, and then the columns were rinsed with water in a downflow lead-to-lag configuration. Elution was conducted downflow from the lag to the lead column with 0.45 M HNO 3 followed by a water rinse. The resin was returned to the Na-form by processing 1 M NaOH downflow from the lag to the lead column, which deviated from the intended LAWPS process operation where the regeneration would occur in upflow to fluidize the resin beds. Variations to the feed flowrates, elution volumes, and elution flowrates were implemented to evaluate effects on the Cs load behavior and Cs leakage to the next process cycle.Cs load and elution profiles were generated. From the load profile, the number of bed volumes (BVs) processed to reach 50% breakthrough on the lead column was determined along with the number of BVs processed before reaching 10% of the contract limit on the l...

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Section: A Quantity Of 275supporting

confidence: 92%

Multi-Cycle Cesium Ion Exchange Testing Using Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin with Diluted Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-105

Fiskum

Allred

Colburn

et al. 2018

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“…25 Resorcinol formaldehyde resin is prepared by caustic condensation polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde, and the high Cs + selectively has been attributed to the two weekly acidic hydroxyl groups on the resorcinol ring, which ionize and become functional at high pH. 26 While these two resins are highly effective for removal of Cs from highly alkaline tank waste and are elutable they likely have minimal potential to be useful for treating the Fukushima high salinity water without pH adjustment.…”

Section: Sorption and Ion-exchange Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Water Treatment for High Salinity Water - Literature Survey

Taylor-Pashow¹

2020

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“…Selective sorption is widely used for Cs-137 removal from LRW and EC [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The main efforts were focused on the search of novel sorption materials with high chemical and radiation stabilities and improved selectivities toward Cs-134/137 radionuclides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Cs-137 Radionuclide by Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Ion-Exchange Resins from Solutions Simulating Real Liquid Radioactive Waste

Tokar¹,

Tutov²,

Bratskaya³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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The efficiency of the removal of Cs-137 radionuclides with porous and non-porous resorcinol–formaldehyde resins from alkaline solutions simulating the composition of real liquid radioactive waste (LRW) streams has been evaluated. Resins were synthesized through the polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde in an alkaline medium at a molar ratio of 1.8/2.2 and a temperature of 210 °C. The Cs-137 distribution coefficients on RFRs in alkaline solutions simulating LRW were above 103 mL/g under static sorption conditions. In a model solution with pH 11, the full dynamic sorption capacity of non-porous RFR was 0.178 mmol/g. The values of the full dynamic sorption capacities of porous RFRs were 0.274 and 1.035 mmol/g for resins obtained with calcium carbonate and toluene as templates, respectively. When the sizes of RFR beads increased two-fold, the volume until 5% cesium breakthrough decreased by 20–40%. The most pronounced beneficial effect of the RFR’s porosity was observed at flow rates from 25 to 50 BV/h. It was shown that the negative effect of metal cations on Cs-137 uptake increases in the following order: Na+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < K+. The number of bed volumes of LRW-simulating solution decontaminated with RFRs until 5% cesium breakthrough was above 450; that is higher than the value of known commercially available analogs. The latter shows that the developed RFRs are promising for application in technological schemes of alkaline LRW processing.

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Literature Review of Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde for Cesium Ion Exchange

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

Multi-Cycle Cesium Ion Exchange Testing Using Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin with Diluted Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-105

Multi-Cycle Cesium Ion Exchange Testing Using Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin with Diluted Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-105

Efficient Water Treatment for High Salinity Water - Literature Survey

Removal of Cs-137 Radionuclide by Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Ion-Exchange Resins from Solutions Simulating Real Liquid Radioactive Waste

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