Literature review of implemented polymer field projects

Standnes, Dag Chun; Skjevrak, Ingun

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2014.08.024

Cited by 207 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…In the simulation considering the polymer degradation rate of 0.100 day -1 , the recovery factor after 2,000 days was 6% lower than that in the simulation without considering the polymer degradation. To minimize the impact of the polymer degradation on polymer flooding, some methods have been proposed [4,21], which should be followed by a reduction in polymer degradation to increase polymer flooding efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymers have played a significant role, especially in the chemical industry. Polymer flooding, a mature chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology, has been used in oil field projects since the 1950s, where the viscosity of water was increased by adding polymer, and the water-oil mobility ratio was reduced [4]. The successful application of polymer flooding in oil and gas fields can alleviate the pressure from crude oil demand to a certain extent [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Polymer Degradation on Polymer Flooding in Homogeneous Reservoirs

Xin

et al. 2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. In this paper, physical and numerical simulations were applied to investigate the polymer degradation performance and its effect on polymer enhanced oil recovery (EOR) efficiency in homogeneous reservoirs. Physical experiments were conducted to determine basic physicochemical properties of the polymer, including viscosity, rheology, and degradation. A new mathematical model was proposed, and an in-house simulator was designed to further explore polymer degradation. The results of the physical experiments illustrated that polymer could increase polymer solution viscosity significantly, and the relationship between polymer solution viscosity and polymer concentration exhibited a clear power law relationship. However, the viscosity of a polymer solution with the same polymer concentration decreased with an increase in the shear rate, showing shear thinning performance. Moreover, the viscosity decreased with an increase in time, which was caused by polymer degradation. The validation of the designed simulator was improved when compared to the simulation results using ECLIPSE V2013.1 software. The difference between 0 and 0.1 day -1 in the polymer degradation rate showed a decrease of 6% in oil recovery after 2,000 days, according to simulation results, which demonstrated that polymer degradation had an adverse effect on polymer flooding efficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Polymer Degradation on Polymer Flooding in Homogeneous Reservoirs

Xin

et al. 2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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“…Projects evaluated report several reservoir properties and operating conditions, among others. However, most of the projects reviewed in this study were also discussed by Mogollón and Lokhandwala (2013), Delamaide, Zaitoun, Renard and Tabary (2013), and Standnes and Skjevrak (2014). Hence, no major details of this study will be discussed except for the two areas not widely addressed in previous reviews: oil-polymer emulsions and injection rates above fracture gradients.…”

Section: Summary Of Historical Reviews On Polymer Floodssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and recent observations in polymer floods: An update review

Manrique¹,

Ahmadi²,

Samani³

2017

CT&F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro

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Polymer flooding has been the most widely used chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method. The experience gained over the past decades from laboratory studies to project design and field implementation has been well documented in the literature. The main objectives of this paper are to evaluate recent observations of polymer floods that report injection rates leading to pressure values above the formation fracture pressure (FFP), high polymer production, formation of tight emulsions and/or productivity losses.Based on this review, it can be concluded that no direct evidence exists to support that injecting polymer above the FFP will lead to more polymer production. However, uncertainties associated with the estimation of fracture propagation/dimensions using pressure Fall-Off Tests (FOT) still remain. High polymer production, other than severe channeling, is generally reported in large scale/commercial projects. The impact of oil geochemistry/ composition and water salinity on oil-water-polymer emulsions is commonly overlooked in polymer flood studies. The formation of in-situ emulsions can also explain the injectivity and/or productivity reduction and well test interpretation (i.e. FOT) reported in polymer floods. It was also identified that the OPEX (Operational Expenditures) associated with oil-water separation in the presence of polymer and productivity losses (i.e. workovers, stimulation costs) are generally underestimated. Finally, this review is expected to contribute with the planning, design and implementation of future polymer flood pilots and field expansions. OBSERVACIONES HISTÓRICAS Y RECIENTES EN INYECCIÓN DEPOLÍMEROS: REVISIÓN ACTUALIZADA. OBSERVAÇÕES HISTÓRICAS E RECENTES DE INJEÇÃO DE POLÍMEROS:REVISÃO ACTUALIZADA. EDUARDO MANRIQUE et. al. 18 L a inyección de polímeros es el método químico de recobro mejorado con mayor número de implementaciones a escala de campo. La experiencia adquirida en las últimas décadas desde estudios de laboratorio hasta el diseño e implementación de campo ha sido bien documentada en la literatura. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es evaluar observaciones recientes de proyectos de inyección de polímero reportando tasas de inyección por encima de la presión de fractura de la formación, alta producción de polímero, formación de emulsiones viscosas y/o pérdidas de productividad.Basados en esta revisión, se puede concluir de que no existen evidencias directas de que la inyección de polímero a tasas que impliquen superar la presión de fractura induzcan a una mayor producción de polímeros. Sin embargo, existen incertidumbres relacionadas con la estimación de las dimensiones y propagación de fracturas utilizando pruebas de caídas de presión (FOT). La alta producción de polímero, por razones diferentes a canalizaciones severas, generalmente se reportan en proyectos a escala comercial. Por otra parte, el impacto de la composición y geoquímica del crudo y de la salinidad del agua en la formación de emulsiones agua:petróleo:polímero ha sido subestimado en estudios de in...

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“…To reduce polymer adsorption, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) has been applied in the fields. According to Manrique et al [29], HPAM is the most widely used polymer in EOR applications; it is used in 92% of EOR cases worldwide [30]. HPAM is a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate and a synthetic, water-soluble straight chain polymer of acrylamide monomers (Figure 1a).…”

Section: Types Of Eor Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Neural Network Model to Estimate the Viscosity of Polymer Solutions for Enhanced Oil Recovery

2016

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Polymer flooding is now considered a technically-and commercially-proven method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The viscosity of the injected polymer solution is the key property for successful polymer flooding. Given that the viscosity of a polymer solution has a non-linear relationship with various influential parameters (molecular weight, degree of hydrolysis, polymer concentration, cation concentration of polymer solution, shear rate, temperature) and that measurement of viscosity based on these parameters is a time-consuming process, the range of solution samples and the measurement conditions need to be limited and precise. Viscosity estimation of the polymer solution is effective for these purposes. An artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to the viscosity estimation of Flopaam TM 3330S, Flopaam TM 3630S and AN-125 solutions, three commonly-used EOR polymers. The viscosities measured and estimated by ANN and the Carreau model using Lee's correlation, the only method for estimating the viscosity of an EOR polymer solution in unmeasured conditions, were compared. Estimation accuracy was evaluated by the average absolute relative deviation, which has been widely used for accuracy evaluation of the results of ANN models. In all conditions, the accuracy of the ANN model is higher than that of the Carreau model using Lee's correlation.

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Literature review of implemented polymer field projects

Cited by 207 publications

References 80 publications

Effect of Polymer Degradation on Polymer Flooding in Homogeneous Reservoirs

Effect of Polymer Degradation on Polymer Flooding in Homogeneous Reservoirs

Historical and recent observations in polymer floods: An update review

Artificial Neural Network Model to Estimate the Viscosity of Polymer Solutions for Enhanced Oil Recovery

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