Literature on archaeological remains of cultivated plants (1994/95)

Kroll, Helmut

doi:10.1007/bf00189448

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For Europe and southwest Asia, we have drawn extensively on the databases compiled by Colledge et al ( 2004 , 2005 ), Shennan and Conolly ( 2007 ) and Kroll ( 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2005 ). The latter also provides information from beyond this region.…”

Section: Methodology and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millets across Eurasia: chronology and context of early records of the genera Panicum and Setaria from archaeological sites in the Old World

Hunt

Linden

Liu

et al. 2008

Veget Hist Archaeobot

247

150

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We have collated and reviewed published records of the genera Panicum and Setaria (Poaceae), including the domesticated millets Panicum miliaceum L. (broomcorn millet) and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. (foxtail millet) in pre-5000 cal B.C. sites across the Old World. Details of these sites, which span China, centraleastern Europe including the Caucasus, Iran, Syria and Egypt, are presented with associated calibrated radiocarbon dates. Forty-one sites have records of Panicum (P. miliaceum, P. cf. miliaceum, Panicum sp., Panicum type, P. capillare (?) and P. turgidum) and 33 of Setaria (S. italica, S. viridis, S. viridis/verticillata, Setaria sp., Setaria type). We identify problems of taphonomy, identification criteria and reporting, and inference of domesticated/wild and crop/weed status of finds. Both broomcorn and foxtail millet occur in northern China prior to 5000 cal B.C.; P. miliaceum occurs contemporaneously in Europe, but its significance is unclear. Further work is needed to resolve the above issues before the status of these taxa in this period can be fully evaluated.

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Section: Methodology and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millets across Eurasia: chronology and context of early records of the genera Panicum and Setaria from archaeological sites in the Old World

Hunt

Linden

Liu

et al. 2008

Veget Hist Archaeobot

247

150

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“…However, the type material originally used by Linnaeus in 1753 was actually a catjang-type cowpea, now placed in the polytypic species Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Smartt 1985, 299 Devaraj et al 1995;Kroll 1996) The archaeological finds traditionally described as D. biflorus should in fact be Dolichos uniflorum Lam., or its revised synonym Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.…”

Section: Q Fuller (And) · C Murphymentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins and early dispersal of horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), a major crop of ancient India

Fuller

Murphy

2017

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Horsegram has been an important crop since the beginning of agriculture in many parts of South Asia. Despite horsegram's beneficial properties as a hardy, multi-functional crop, it is still regarded as a food of the poor, particularly in southern India. Mistakenly regarded as a minor crop, largely due to entrenched biases against this under-utilised crop, horsegram has received far less research than other pulses of higher status. The present study provides an updated analysis of evidence for horsegram's origins, based on archaeological evidence, historical linguistics, and herbarium collections of probable wild populations. Our survey of herbarium specimens provides an updated map of the probable range of the wild progenitor. A large database of modern reference material provides an updated baseline for distinguishing wild and domesticated seeds, while an extensive dataset of archaeological seed measurements provides evidence for regional trends towards larger seed size, indicating domestication. Separate trends towards domestication are identified for northwestern India around 4000 BP, and for the Indian Peninsula around 3500 BP, suggesting at least two separate domestications. This synthesis provides a new baseline for further germplasm sampling, especially of wild populations, and further archaeobotanical data collection.

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“…Camelina nized by West Slavs (see Kroll 1995Kroll , 1996Kroll , 1999Kroll , 2000Kroll , 2001Knˆrzer 1978). In northern Europe its cultivation dates back to the late Bronze Age and the early Hallstatt period.…”

Section: Relics Of Medieval Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reported as a relic of cultivation from the Bia≥owieøa Forest (FaliÒski 1966) (e.g. Klichowska 1972;Kroll 1995Kroll , 1996Kroll , 1999Kroll , 2001LityÒska-Zajπc 2005b). According to Polish archaeobotanical literature, probably cultivated since the Middle Ages (Lata≥owa & Badura 1996;Badura 1998).…”

Section: Relics Of Medieval Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relics of cultivation in the vascular flora of medieval West Slavic settlements and castles

Celka

2011

Biodiversity: Research and Conservation

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Relics of cultivation in the vascular flora of medieval West Slavic settlements and castlesThis monograph presents results of research on relics of cultivation and the present vascular flora of sites of medieval fortified settlements and castles in Central Europe. Special attention was paid to 109 West Slavic sites located in Poland, northeastern Germany, and the Czech Republic. For comparison, floristic data were collected also at 21 sites of medieval settlements and castles of Baltic tribes, East Slavs, and Teutonic knights. Results of this study confirm the hypothesis that remnants of medieval fortified settlements and castles are valuable habitat islands in the agricultural landscape, and are refuges of the plants that have accompanied West Slavs since the Middle Ages. At the 109 West Slavic archaeological sites, 876 vascular plant species were recorded. The present flora of the study sites is highly specific, clearly distinct from the surrounding natural environment, as shown by results of analyses of taxonomic composition, geographical-historical and synecological groups, indices of anthropogenic changes of the flora, and degrees of hemeroby (i.e. human influence) at the studied habitats. The sites of fortified settlements and castles are centres of concentration and sources of dispersal of alien species. Aliens account for nearly 21% of the vascular flora of the study sites. Among them, a major role is played by archaeophytes (101 species). Some archaeological sites are characterized by a high contribution of so-called species of old deciduous forests (98 species). Despite many features in common, floras of archaeological sites vary significantly, depending on their geographical location, size, typology, and chronology of their origin. Historical sites occupied in the past by West Slavs differ in the current vascular flora from the sites occupied in the Middle Ages by East Slavs or Baltic tribes and from Teutonic castles. West Slavic archaeological sites are primarily refuges for 22 relics of cultivation. Considering the time of cultivation, 3 groups of relics were distinguished: (i) relics of medieval cultivation (plants cultivated till the late 15thcentury); (ii) relics of cultivation in the modern era (introduced into cultivation in the 16thcentury or later), and (iii) relics of medieval-modern cultivation. These species play a special role in research on the history of the flora of Central Europe and thus also of the world flora. Thus the best-preserved sites of medieval West Slavic settlements and castles should be protected as our both cultural and natural heritage. This work is a key contribution to geobotanical research on transformation of the vegetation associated with human activity. Considering the problem of relics of cultivation it corresponds also to basic ethnobotanical issues.

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Literature on archaeological remains of cultivated plants (1994/95)

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Millets across Eurasia: chronology and context of early records of the genera Panicum and Setaria from archaeological sites in the Old World

Millets across Eurasia: chronology and context of early records of the genera Panicum and Setaria from archaeological sites in the Old World

The origins and early dispersal of horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), a major crop of ancient India

Relics of cultivation in the vascular flora of medieval West Slavic settlements and castles

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