There has been a great deal of uproar about Darwinian approaches in literary scholarship. Statements range from enthusiastic prophecies of a new paradigm for literary studies to acrimonious scoldings of reductionism. Believing that the major challenge is first to find good questions to which evolutionary psychology might provide us with good answers, I outline and critically assess different veins of argumentation as revealed in recent contributions to the field. As an alternative to some simplistic mimeticism in present Literary Darwinism, I put forward the idea of evolutionary psychology as a heuristic theory that serves to resolve defined problems in interpretation and literary theory.On the eve of Darwin's anniversary year, Style brought out a special double issue entitled 'An Evolutionary Paradigm for Literary Studies'. In the opening essay, Joseph Carroll describes evolutionary literary study as 'a distinct movement' which has emerged since the publication of his book Evolution and Literary Theory (1995) and 'is rapidly gaining in visibility and impact'. 1 The subsequent contributions by 35 respondents, however, as well as Carroll's final rejoinder, make manifest that the distinctiveness of this 'paradigm' is rather precarious and that conceptions about the goals, range of applicability, and methods of evolutionary approaches sometimes differ greatly. The emergent consensus seems quite minimalistic; in summary it consists in the belief that the human sciences do have something to tell us literary scholars; that their theories and findings are not limited to providing rich topics for humanistic meta-perspectives ('The Rhetoric of Genetics') but are co-equal contributions within the general academic pursuit of knowledge which can indeed be applied.