“…German zoologist Haeckel (1866) defined ecology as the interaction between organisms and their environment, including the interaction between organisms and organisms (1866, p.286;Stauffer, 1957, p.140). In recent decades, ecologism and the increasingly widespread use of various ecological frameworks have made ecology the dominant discourse in the humanities and social sciences (Fuller, 2007;Zapf, 2009;Hoskins, 2016;Bangstad & Pétursdóttir, 2021). Heritage ecology proposes an ecological understanding of heritage, further focusing on how the formation and destruction of heritage consistently involves a wide range of human and non-human participants, and it is seen as a fundamental component of human values, beliefs, identities, knowledge, and traditions, as well as a manifestation of the long-term interactions between people, land, and the environment (Bangstad & Pétursdóttir, 2021, p.7).…”