Literary Celebrity and Political Activism: Wole Soyinka’s Nobel Prize Lecture and the Anti-Apartheid Struggle

Abstract

In 1986 the Nigerian writer, Wole Soyinka, was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. This paper considers the role of the Nobel Prize in the construction, promotion and cementing of literary celebrity, addressing the ways in which the prize augments Soyinka's literary and political renown, already substantial at the time of the award. It takes as focus Soyinka's Nobel lecture and his decision to leverage the global platform afforded him to highlight the struggle against apartheid. The lecture is structured around a refusal to concede the exceptionalism of the South African state, and around a framing of apartheid as a pan-African catastrophe. In the Nobel lecture, Soyinka levels a comprehensive accusation against European racism which he conceives as directly implicated in the ideological underpinning of apartheid policies. Dedicating the address to Mandela and taking his life as paradigm, Soyinka uses his own presence in Stockholm as a subversive supplement to Mandela's absence and addresses the crimes of apartheid both within their particular temporal and geographical context and as a means to expose the global scourge of racism.