Listeria Monocytogenes

Mazor, Moshe; Froimovich, M; Lazer, Simcha; Maymon, Eli; Glezerman, Marek

doi:10.1007/bf02389637

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes 79-81 , Treponema pallidum, Yersinia pestis , Cytomegalovirus, Plasmodium species , and others can gain access through the maternal circulation to the intervillous space, from where they invade the villi and the fetal circulation 53 . Bacteria involved in periodontal disease may use this pathway to reach the amniotic cavity 82-88 .…”

Section: Pathways Of Microbial Invasion Of the Amniotic Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance

Kim

Romero

Chaemsaithong

et al. 2015

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

724

652

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Acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta consist of diffuse infiltration of neutrophils at different sites in the organ. These lesions include acute chorioamnionitis, funisitis, and chorionic vasculitis, and represent a host response (maternal or fetal) to a chemotactic gradient in the amniotic cavity. While acute chorioamnionitis is evidence of a maternal host response, funisitis and chorionic vasculitis represent fetal inflammatory responses. Intra-amniotic infection has been generally considered to be the cause of acute histologic chorioamnionitis and funisitis; however, recent evidence indicates that “sterile” intra-amniotic inflammation, which occurs in the absence of demonstrable microorganisms but can be induced by “danger signals”, is frequently associated with these lesions. In the context of intra-amniotic infection, chemokines (such as interleukin-8 and granulocyte chemotactic protein) establish a gradient favoring the migration of neutrophils from maternal or fetal circulation into the chorioamniotic membranes or umbilical cord, respectively. Danger signals released during the course of cellular stress or cell death can also induce the release of neutrophil chemokines. The prevalence of chorioamnionitis is a function of gestational age at birth, and is present in 3-5% of placentas delivered at term, but in 94% of placentas delivered between 21-24 weeks of gestation. The frequency is higher in patients with spontaneous labor, preterm labor, clinical chorioamnionitis (preterm or term), or ruptured membranes. Funisitis and chorionic vasculitis are the hallmarks for the fetal inflammatory response syndrome, a condition characterized by an elevation in fetal plasma concentrations of interleukin-6, associated with the impending onset of preterm labor, a higher rate of neonatal morbidity (after adjustment for gestational age), and multi-organ fetal involvement. This syndrome is the counterpart of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in adults; however, in fetuses, it is a risk factor for short- and long-term complications (i.e. neonatal sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, and cerebral palsy). This article reviews the definition, pathogenesis, grading and staging, and clinical significance of the most common lesions in placental pathology. Illustrations of the lesions and diagrams of the mechanisms of disease are provided.

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Section: Pathways Of Microbial Invasion Of the Amniotic Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance

Kim

Romero

Chaemsaithong

et al. 2015

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

724

652

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…If gram-positive rods are detected in amniotic fluid, it could be an indicator of Listeria infection, which is another rapid detection technique. 76 The result of amniotic fluid is also useful as an auxiliary diagnostic method to guide the treatment. 77 In cases that lack conclusive evidence of maternal-fetal listeriosis, the listeriosis culture from non-invasive cervical/vaginal smears could contribute to the diagnosis of fetal listeriosis.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Listeriosis In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update Review on Listeria Infection in Pregnancy

Wang¹,

Tao²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

IDR

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Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an intracellular, aerobic and facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium, which is primarily transmitted to humans orally via food. LM could occur in asymptomatic pregnant women; however, fetal infection is a serious condition, entailing premature birth, abortion, sepsis, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, or even death. If a pregnant woman exhibits symptoms, the performance is almost like influenza, such as fever, headache, diarrhea, myalgia, or other digestive-related symptoms. This review collected clinical and empirical results regarding the mechanism, clinical manifestations, obstetrical outcome, diagnosis, treatment, vertical transmission, neonatal infection, and prevention of listeriosi according to articles published in PubMed from January 1, 1980, to March 20, 2021. The early detection and diagnosis of pregnancy-associated listeriosis are significant since sensitive antibiotics are effective at enhancing the prognosis of newborns. Listeriosis can be diagnosed using positive cultures from maternal or neonatal blood, neonatal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), amniotic fluid, intrauterine mucosa, or the placenta. Two weeks of high-dose intravenous amoxicillin (more than 6 g/day) is recommended for LM pregnant women without allergy. Terminating the pregnancy to save the mother's life should be considered if maternal and fetal conditions aggravate. Neonatal Listeria infection is primarily transmitted through the placenta, which is a critical illness associated with a high mortality rate. The necessary dietary guidance for pregnant women can reduce the incidence rate of pregnancy-related listeriosis.

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“…This observation is consistent with other perinatal infections like group B Streptococcus (GBS)., Similar to GBS, Listeria is likely to result from spread to the vagina from the lower GI tract [5,15,28]. Furthermore, ascending vaginal colonization is supported by the finding of listerial colonization solely in the firstborn of a set of twins [56] However, haematogenous spread may be more likely, and documented maternal bacteriuria and in utero fetal infection with positive amniotic fluid cultures prior to labor have been recorded [94]. In addition, nosocomial cross-infection has been reported [37,115,133] 55,115,116].…”

Section: Neonatal Listeriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Listeriosis in human pregnancy: a systematic review

Lamont

Sobel²,

Mazaki‐Tovi

et al. 2011

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

281

243

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Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared foods and listeriosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preventative measures are well prescribed and monitoring and voluntary recall of contaminated products has resulted in a 44% reduction in the prevalence of perinatal listeriosis in the USA. Pregnant women are at high risk for listeriosis, but symptoms are non-specific and diagnosis is difficult. The intracellular life-cycle of Listeria protects the bacterium from host innate and adaptive immune responses. Antibiotic treatment requires agents able to penetrate, distribute, and remain stable within host cells. Prolonged use of high-dose ampicillin can significantly improve neonatal outcome.

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Listeria Monocytogenes

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance

Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance

An Update Review on Listeria Infection in Pregnancy

Listeriosis in human pregnancy: a systematic review

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