“…However, not all battered women turn to shelters and advocacy organizations for help; in fact, most abused women seek help first from family and friends (Coker, Smith, Bethea, King, & McKeown, 2000;Davis & Srinivasan, 1995;Horton & Johnson, 1993) and then eventually from formal supports (Hutchison & Hirschel, 1998;Macy et al, 2005). Gordon's (1996) earlier review of the research on battered women's use of services suggested that the most commonly used social service systems were, in descending order of frequency, the criminal justice system (i.e., law enforcement and lawyers), social service agencies, medical services, crisis counseling, mental health services, clergy, and women's groups.…”