Listening to music for insomnia in adults

Jespersen, Kira Vibe; Pando‐Naude, Victor; Koenig, Julian; Jennum, Poul; Vuust, Peter

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010459.pub3

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Previously, some clinical trials have used researcher-selected music [ 56 ] while others have given participants a choice among pre-selected playlists [ 57 ]. So far, it is not clear to which degree the choice of music has an impact on the effect on sleep [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The audio features of sleep music: Universal and subgroup characteristics

et al. 2023

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Throughout history, lullabies have been used to help children sleep, and today, with the increasing accessibility of recorded music, many people report listening to music as a tool to improve sleep. Nevertheless, we know very little about this common human habit. In this study, we elucidated the characteristics of music associated with sleep by extracting audio features from a large number of tracks (N = 225,626) retrieved from sleep playlists at the global streaming platform Spotify. Compared to music in general, we found that sleep music was softer and slower; it was more often instrumental (i.e. without lyrics) and played on acoustic instruments. Yet, a large amount of variation was present in sleep music, which clustered into six distinct subgroups. Strikingly, three of the subgroups included popular tracks that were faster, louder, and more energetic than average sleep music. The findings reveal previously unknown aspects of the audio features of sleep music and highlight the individual variation in the choice of music used for sleep. By using digital traces, we were able to determine the universal and subgroup characteristics of sleep music in a unique, global dataset, advancing our understanding of how humans use music to regulate their behaviour in everyday life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The audio features of sleep music: Universal and subgroup characteristics

et al. 2023

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“…One theory that explains the mechanism behind insomnia is the hyperarousal theory, which suggests that individuals with insomnia have a heightened level of arousal that prevents them from falling asleep or staying asleep. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials by Jespersen et al, (2022) 119 showed moderate-certainty evidence that listening to music improves sleep quality when compared to no treatment. Therefore, music in the minor mode may also be used to regulate and ameliorate the state of hyperarousal in individuals with insomnia, however, this hypothesis remains untested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Major-Minor mode Dichotomy in Music Perception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on its Behavioural, Physiological, and Clinical Correlates

Carraturo

Pando‐Naude

Costa

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Since ancient Greece, major and minor modes in Western tonal music have been identified as the primary responsible musical feature for eliciting emotional states. The underlying correlates of the major-minor mode dichotomy in music perception have been extensively investigated through decades of psychological and neuroscientific research. This comprehensive systematic review aims to synthesise the literature on musical mode perception and its behavioural and physiological correlates. The qualitative synthesis resulted in 70 studies, showing great diversity in how the major-minor dichotomy has been empirically approached. Most studies were conducted on adults, considered participants' expertise, employed real-life musical stimuli, performed behavioural evaluations, and were published from 2010 onwards. Based on our findings, a framework to describe a Major-Minor Mode(l) of music perception and its behavioural and physiological correlates is proposed, incorporating individual factors such as age, expertise, cultural background, and emotional disorders. Limitations, implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed, including putative clinical applications of major-minor perception and best practices regarding stimulation paradigms for musical mode investigation.

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“…This leads to the discover of new music listening habits that reflect how the general population uses music. For example, whereas clinical trials usually use slow, soft and instrumental music to help relaxation and sleep [14][15][16] , recent studies are showing that people use much more varied music to help initiate sleep 12,[17][18][19] . Additionally, while background music for studying is usually recommended to be calm and non-complex [20][21][22] , a recent study showed that how respondents used music was very varied 23 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While music is supposed to lower arousal for sleep, music is also supposed to increase arousal for better concentration while studying. However, in theory, both types of music should have similar musical features, such as calm and non-complex tracks [14][15][16][20][21][22] . Any similarity between the two would be informative to investigate general patterns in background music listening behaviours.…”

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confidence: 99%

Music that is used while studying and music that is used for sleep share similar musical features, genres and subgroups

Scarratt

Heggli

Vuust

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Music is an integral part of daily human life, and certain types of music are often associated with certain contexts, such as specific music for sleeping or for studying. The mood-arousal hypothesis suggests that music used for studying should be uplifting to boost arousal and increase cognitive performance while previous studies suggest that music used as a sleep aid should be calm, gentle and slow to decrease arousal. In this study, we created the Study music dataset by collecting tracks from Spotify playlists with the words ‘study’ or ‘studying’ in the title or description. In comparison with a pre-existing dataset, the Sleep music dataset, we show that the music’s audio features, as defined by Spotify, are highly similar. Additionally, they share most of the same genres and have similar subgroups after a k-means clustering analysis. We suggest that both sleep music and study music aim to create a pleasant but not too disturbing auditory environment, which enables one to focus on studying and to lower arousal for sleeping. Using large Spotify-based datasets, we were able to uncover similarities between music used in two different contexts one would expect to be different.

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Listening to music for insomnia in adults

Cited by 7 publications

References 103 publications

The audio features of sleep music: Universal and subgroup characteristics

The audio features of sleep music: Universal and subgroup characteristics

The Major-Minor mode Dichotomy in Music Perception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on its Behavioural, Physiological, and Clinical Correlates

Music that is used while studying and music that is used for sleep share similar musical features, genres and subgroups

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