Listening Fidelity Development and Relationship to Receiver Apprehension and Locus of Control

“<i>Tuning Them in, Tuning Them out</i>”—Who Do Government Officials Listen to in Citizen Efforts to Shape Policy? Evidence from Local Public Meetings in U.S. Midwestern Cities

“…On the other end of the spectrum, some might depict a good outcome of comprehension as something that captures a high level of "listening fidelity", reflecting a high degree of congruence between the cognitions of the listener and that of speaker (Mulanax & Powers, 2001;Powers & Bodie, 2003). In ordinary parlance, the listener more or less understands the statement in the manner the speaker intended.…”

Understanding the Listening Process: Rethinking the “One Size Fits All” Model

“…Responding to the listening types identified in the Wolvin/Coakley taxonomy, Osborn and Osborn (1991) have argued that listening is less "a static entity that is divisible into types, and more as a dynamic process made up of interacting phases" (p. 21). Further, they emphasize that there is a threshold of listening fidelity where the listener's cognitions are congruent with the speaker's cognitions as they participate in the communication (p. 21; see Mulanax & Powers, 2001).…”

Listening Engagement: Intersecting Theoretical Perspectives

“…Halley (2001) characterizes how listeners make meaning of the messages they have received and attended: "Meaning is assigned based on what is organized, the listener's intent, the listener's value system, and the expectations of the listener or the probability that a particular pattern should occur based on the experience of the listener" (n.p.). As the listener creates meaning, the "degree of congruence between the cognitions of a listener and the cognitions of a source" (Mulanax and Powers, 2001, p. 70) yields listening fidelity (accuracy). Listening research demonstrates that many psychological variables -including listening styles (Johnson, Weaver, Watson, and Barker, 2000;Mullen and Narain, 2005;Worthington, 2004), apprehension (Schrodt and Wheeless, 2001), and perceptions (Ryan, Kwong See, Meneer, and Trovato, 1994) -influence the way listeners create their meaning from the listening experience.…”