LISA and the Existence of a Fast-merging Double Neutron Star Formation Channel

Andrews, Jeff J.; Breivik, Katelyn; Pankow, C.; D’Orazio, Daniel J.; Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab5b9a

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Lau et al (2020) use a synthesised DNS population to predict that a 4-yr Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission (Amaro-Seoane et al 2017; Baker et al 2019) will detect 35 Galactic DNSs. Andrews et al (2020) predict between 46 and 240 Galactic DNSs for the same mission, depending on the assumed physical assumptions. LISA DNS observations will further constrain the DNS formation and merger rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common envelope episodes that lead to double neutron star formation

Vigna-Gómez

MacLeod

Neijssel

et al. 2020

Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust.

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Close double neutron stars (DNSs) have been observed as Galactic radio pulsars, while their mergers have been detected as gamma-ray bursts and gravitational wave sources. They are believed to have experienced at least one common envelope episode (CEE) during their evolution prior to DNS formation. In the last decades, there have been numerous efforts to understand the details of the common envelope (CE) phase, but its computational modelling remains challenging. We present and discuss the properties of the donor and the binary at the onset of the Roche lobe overflow (RLOF) leading to these CEEs as predicted by rapid binary population synthesis models. These properties can be used as initial conditions for detailed simulations of the CE phase. There are three distinctive populations, classified by the evolutionary stage of the donor at the moment of the onset of the RLOF: giant donors with fully convective envelopes, cool donors with partially convective envelopes, and hot donors with radiative envelopes. We also estimate that, for standard assumptions, tides would not circularise a large fraction of these systems by the onset of RLOF. This makes the study and understanding of eccentric mass-transferring systems relevant for DNS populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common envelope episodes that lead to double neutron star formation

Vigna-Gómez

MacLeod

Neijssel

et al. 2020

Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust.

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“…As a result, these systems are closer to merger and spend a relatively short amount of time in this subclass of DNS systems compared to the larger orbital period merging DNS systems from Pol et al (2019), which results in an overall smaller population size of ultra-compact DNS systems. The upper limit on the number of ultra-compact DNS systems is also consistent with recent estimates of the size of this population made by Lau et al (2020) and Andrews et al (2020).…”

Section: Size Of Populationsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…These UCB systems can consist of any combination of white dwarf, neutron star or black holes, with the most common source (∼ 10 7 in the Galaxy) being double white dwarf (DWD) binaries (Nelemans et al, 2001a,b). However, population synthesis simulations have shown that LISA should also detect a few tens of ultra-compact double neutron star (DNS) and neutron star-white dwarf (NS-WD) systems (Andrews et al, 2020;Lau et al, 2020). UCB systems are "verification binaries" for LISA, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Galactic Compact Binary Neutron Star Population and Studying the Double Pulsar System

Pol¹

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Modeling the Galactic Compact Binary Neutron Star Population and Studying the Double Pulsar System Nihan Pol Binary neutron star (BNS) systems consisting of at least one neutron star provide an avenue for testing a broad range of physical phenomena ranging from tests of General Relativity to probing magnetospheric physics to understanding the behavior of matter in the densest environments in the Universe. Ultra-compact BNS systems with orbital periods less than few tens of minutes emit gravitational waves with frequencies ∼mHz and are detectable by the planned space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), while merging BNS systems produce a chirping gravitational wave signal that can be detected by the ground-based Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). Thus, BNS systems are the most promising sources for the burgeoning field of multi-messenger astrophysics. In this thesis, we estimate the population of different classes of BNS systems that are visible to gravitational-wave observatories. Given that no ultracompact BNS systems have been discovered in pulsar radio surveys, we place a 95% confidence upper limit of ∼850 and ∼1100 ultra-compact neutron starwhite dwarf and double neutron star (DNS) systems respectively. We show that among all of the current radio pulsar surveys, the ones at the Arecibo radio telescope have the best chance of detecting an ultra-compact BNS system. We also show that adopting a survey integration time of t int ∼ 1 min will maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, and thus, the probability of detecting an ultra-compact BNS system. Similarly, we use the sample of nine observed DNS systems to derive a Galactic DNS merger rate of R MW = 37 +24 −11 Myr −1 , where the errors represent 90% confidence intervals. Extrapolating this rate to the observable volume for LIGO, we derive a merger detection rate of R = 1.9 +1.2 −0.6 ×(D r /100 Mpc) 3 yr −1 , where D r is the range distance for LIGO. This rate is consistent with that derived using the DNS mergers observed by LIGO. Finally, to illustrate the unique opportunities for science presented by compact DNS systems, we study the J0737-3039 DNS system, also known as the Double Pulsar system. This is the only known DNS system where both of the neutron stars have been observed as pulsars. We measure the sense of rotation of the older millisecond pulsar, pulsar A, in the DNS J0737-3039 system and find that it rotates prograde with respect to its orbit. This is the first direct measurement of the sense of rotation of a pulsar and a direct confirmation of the rotating lighthouse model for pulsars. This result confirms that the spin angular momentum vector is closely aligned with the orbital angular momentum, suggesting that kick of the supernova producing the second born pulsar J0737-3039B was small.

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“…The recent direct detection of gravitational waves with ground-based detectors has led to renewed interest in this topic (e.g. Korol et al 2017Korol et al , 2018Korol et al , 2019Korol et al , 2020Christian & Loeb 2017;Kremer et al 2017Kremer et al , 2018Lamberts et al 2018Lamberts et al , 2019Fang et al 2019;Andrews et al 2020;Lau et al 2020;Breivik et al 2020a,b;Roebber et al 2020;Chen et al 2020;Sesana et al 2020;Shao & Li 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LEGWORK: A python package for computing the evolution and detectability of stellar-origin gravitational-wave sources with space-based detectors

Wagg,

Breivik,

de Mink

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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We present LEGWORK (LISA Evolution and Gravitational Wave Orbit Kit), an open-source Python package for making predictions about stellar-origin gravitational wave sources and their detectability in LISA or other space-based gravitational wave detectors. LEGWORK can be used to evolve the orbits of sources due to gravitational wave emission, calculate gravitational wave strains (using post-Newtonian approximations), compute signal-to-noise ratios and visualise the results. It can be applied to a variety of potential sources, including binaries consisting of white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes. Although we focus on double compact objects, in principle LEGWORK can be used for any system with a user-specified orbital evolution, such as those affected by a third object or gas drag. We optimised the package to make it efficient for use in population studies which can contain tensof-millions of sources. This paper describes the package and presents several potential use cases. We explain in detail the derivations of the expressions behind the package as well as identify and clarify some discrepancies currently present in the literature. We hope that LEGWORK will enable and accelerate future studies triggered by the rapidly growing interest in gravitational wave sources.

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LISA and the Existence of a Fast-merging Double Neutron Star Formation Channel

Cited by 36 publications

References 70 publications

Common envelope episodes that lead to double neutron star formation

Common envelope episodes that lead to double neutron star formation

Modeling the Galactic Compact Binary Neutron Star Population and Studying the Double Pulsar System

LEGWORK: A python package for computing the evolution and detectability of stellar-origin gravitational-wave sources with space-based detectors

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