LISA: a lightweight stratospheric air sampler

Hooghiem, Joram; Vries, Marcel de; Been, Henk A.; Heikkinen, Pauli; Kivi, Rigel; Chen, Huilin

doi:10.5194/amt-11-6785-2018

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The sample taken on 6 September can be considered as a background value for two reasons. First of all, the mole fraction measurements from both LISA and AirCore agree with those of normal NH CO stratospheric mole fractions (Hoor et al, 2005). Secondly, the δ 13 CO agrees to within ±1 ‰ compared to the measurements performed in the Southern Hemisphere lowermost stratosphere (Brenninkmeijer et al, 1995).…”

Section: Co Stable Isotope Compositionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere identified by in situ CO observations

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Wildfires emit large quantities of aerosols and trace gases, which occasionally reach the lower stratosphere. In August 2017, several pyro-cumulonimbus events injected a large amount of smoke into the stratosphere, observed by lidar and satellites. Satellite observations are in general the main method of detecting these events since in situ aircraft- or balloon-based measurements of atmospheric composition at higher altitudes are not made frequently enough. This work presents accidental balloon-borne trace gas observations of wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere, identified by enhanced CO mole fractions at approximately 13.6 km. In addition to CO mole fractions, CO2 mole fractions and isotopic composition of CO (δ13C and δ18O) have been measured in air samples, from both the wildfire plume and background, collected using an AirCore and a lightweight stratospheric air sampler (LISA) flown on a weather balloon from Sodankylä (4–7 September 2017; 67.37∘ N, 26.63∘ E; 179 m a.m.s.l.), Finland. The greenhouse gas enhancement ratio (ΔCO:ΔCO2) and the isotopic signature based on δ13C(CO) and δ18O(CO) independently identify wildfire emissions as the source of the stratospheric CO enhancement. Back-trajectory analysis was performed with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS), tracing the smoke's origin to wildfires in British Columbia with an injection date of 12 August 2017. The trajectories are corrected for vertical displacement due to heating of the wildfire aerosols, by observations made by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument. Knowledge of the age of the smoke allowed for a correction of the enhancement ratio, ΔCO:ΔCO2, for the chemical removal of CO by OH. The stable isotope observations were used to estimate the amount of tropospheric air in the plume at the time of observation to be about 45±21 %. Finally, the plume extended over 1 km in altitude, as inferred from the observations.

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Section: Co Stable Isotope Compositionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere identified by in situ CO observations

et al. 2020

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“…As described in Hooghiem et al (2018), the bags used in the LISA sampler provide limited stability to the sample. Therefore, the samples were transferred into 350 ml glass flasks, after the CRDS analysis.…”

Section: Lisa Sample Transfer and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…After post-processing of the analyser output, dry mole fractions were obtained using the instrument specific but well-defined analyser response to H 2 O (Rella et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2010). This is especially relevant for the LISA samples (Hooghiem et al, 2018); the range of water vapour mole fractions was 0.03-0.15 %, partly because of diffusion into the sampling bag (Hooghiem et al, 2018). The mole fraction results of the AirCore were further processed to give vertical profiles as described in Karion et al (2010); Membrive et al (2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The uncertainty of the AirCore measurements typically is 0.1 ppm for CO 2 , 2 ppb for CH 4 and 2 ppb for CO. Measurements on samples collected with the LISA sampler have an uncertainty of 0.14 ppm for CO 2 , 2.3 ppb for CH 4 and 7.8 pbb for CO. This uncertainty includes analyser precision, calibration transfer, a dead volume bias, and storage bias; for the technical details we refer to Hooghiem et al (2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere identified by in situ CO observations

Hooghiem¹,

Popa²,

Röckmann³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Wildfires emit large quantities of aerosols and trace gases, which occasionally reach the lower stratosphere. In August 2017, several pyro-cumulonimbus events injected a large amount of smoke into the stratosphere, observed by lidar and satellites. Satellite observations are in general the main method of detecting these events since in situ aircraft- or balloon-based measurements of atmospheric composition at higher altitudes are not made frequent enough. This work presents accidental balloon-borne trace gas observations of wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere, identified by enhanced CO mole fractions at approximately 13.6&#8201;km. In addition to CO mole fractions, CO2 mole fractions as well as isotopic composition of CO (&#948;13C and &#948;18O) have been measured in air samples collected using an AirCore and a LIghtweight Stratospheric Air sampler (LISA) flown on a weather balloon from Sodankyla&#776; (4&#8211;7 September 2017, 67.37&#176;&#8201;N, 26.63&#176;&#8201;E, 179&#8201;m&#8201;a.s.l.), Finland. The greenhouse gas enhancement ratio (&#8710;CO&#8201;:&#8201;&#8710;CO2) and the isotopic signature based on &#948;13C(CO) and &#948;18O(CO) independently identify wildfire emissions as the source of the stratospheric CO enhancement. Back-trajectory analysis, performed with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS), corrected for vertical displacement, due to heating of the wildfire aerosols, by observations made by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument, trace the smoke&#8217;s origin to wildfires in British Colombia with an injection date of 12 August 2017. Knowledge of the age of the smoke allowed for a correction of the enhancement ratio, &#8710;CO&#8201;:&#8201;&#8710;CO2, for the chemical removal of CO by OH. The stable isotope observations were used to estimate the amount of tropospheric air in the plume at the time of observation to be about 34 &#177; 14&#8201;%. The in situ observations provide information on the trace gas chemistry of smoke plumes that reach the stratosphere, as well as the vertical extent of 1&#8201;km of the 2017 smoke plume.

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“…Despite its proven robustness and notable cost-effectiveness, it is difficult to determine the sampling altitudes of an AirCore [5]. Furthermore, an AirCore constrains the choice of coverage area due to the geographical restrictions imposed by the Putra, Hamad Siddiqi, Ivan Zankov https://doi.org/10.29311/2020.08 irreversible process of gas mixing along the air column sampled in its stainless tube.…”

Section: A Aircore Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric Balloon Flight of Cost-Effective Sampling Bags and High Resolution AirCore to Measure Arctic Greenhouse Gas Concentrations of CO2 and CH4

Labrèche¹,

Molas-Roca²,

Lawton³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Space Educational Activities

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There is little information on the distribution of trace gases in the stratosphere due to the inherent difficulty and high cost of air sampling above aircraft altitudes. This paper presents project TUBULAR, implemented under the REXUS/BEXUS programme. TUBULAR is a student-led stratospheric balloon experiment for low-cost air sampling that reduces the current complexities and limitations of obtaining data on stratospheric trace gas distributions. This technology demonstrator was launched from Esrange, in the Swedish Lapland. The balloon payload included two atmospheric samplers: an AirCore sampler and a bag sampling system. The AirCore sampler was a 200 m long stainless steel tube, which allowed continuous profile sampling during balloon descent. The bag sampling system consisted of six bags, each programmed to be filled at a pre-selected altitude in the stratosphere using a pumping system. This paper presents details on the payload construction and first results obtained by the AirCore sampler.

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LISA: a lightweight stratospheric air sampler

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere identified by in situ CO observations

Wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere identified by in situ CO observations

Wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere identified by in situ CO observations

Stratospheric Balloon Flight of Cost-Effective Sampling Bags and High Resolution AirCore to Measure Arctic Greenhouse Gas Concentrations of CO2 and CH4

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