Liquiritoside Alleviated Pb Induced Stress in Brassica rapa subsp. Parachinensis: Modulations in Glucosinolate Content and Some Physiochemical Attributes

Abstract

Current research was conducted to explore the effects of liquiritoside on the growth and physiochemical features of Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. parachinensis) under lead (Pb) stress. Lead stressed B. rapa plants exhibited decreased growth parameters, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents. Moreover, Pb toxicity escalated the synthesis of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), flavonoids, phenolics, and proline in treated plants. Nevertheless, foliar application of liquiritoside mitigated Pb toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress by reducing cysteine, H2O2, and MDA contents in applied plants. Liquiritoside significantly increased plant height, shoot fresh weight and dry weight, number of leaves, and marketable value of Chinese flowering cabbage plants exposed to Pb toxicity. This biotic elicitor also enhanced the proline, glutathione, total phenolics, and flavonoid contents in Chinese flowering cabbage plants exposed to Pb stress compared with the control. Additionally, total glucosinolate content, phytochelatins (PCs), and non-protein thiols were effectively increased in plants grown under Pb regimes compared with the control plants. Overall, foliar application of liquiritoside can markedly alleviate Pb stress by restricting Pb translocation in Chinese flowering cabbage.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria modulates the antioxidant defense and the expression of stress-responsive genes providing Pb accumulation and tolerance of grass pea

“…Furthermore, to regulate the concentration of metals ions inside the cell and to minimize the potential damage, plants initiate mechanisms to control metal retention, transportation and homeostasis.The present study revealed that non-protein thiols were increased in leaves and roots of grass pea under Pb stress. This fact is supported by increased levels of non-protein thiols in Sedum alfredii, Peganum harmalaa and Brassica rapa in response to Pb exposer as reported in earlier studies(Gupta et al 2010;Mahdavian et al 2016;Akram et al 2021…”

De Novo Transcriptome Assembly, Gene Annotations, and Characterization of Functional Profiling Reveal Key Genes for Lead Alleviation in the Pb Hyperaccumulator Greek Mustard (Hirschfeldia incana L.)

“…Several genes involved in regulation, biosynthesis, and transport of glucosinolates such as SOT18 (sulfotransferase), GTR1 (major facilitator superfamily protein), APK2 (adenylyl-sulfate kinase 2), JAL23 , BASS5 , BGLU32 (beta-glucosidase 32), and IGMT5 in aboveground parts and SDI1 (sulphur deficiency-induced 1) in roots were upregulated in H. incana in response to Pb stress. Our finding is in accordance with several reports mentioning that under Zn, Cd, and Pb the biosynthesis of glucosinolates was higher in other Brassica species [ 54 , 55 ]. These authors suggest that glucosinolates play an important role in heavy-metal tolerance in different Brassica plant species [ 54 , 55 ].…”

“…Our finding is in accordance with several reports mentioning that under Zn, Cd, and Pb the biosynthesis of glucosinolates was higher in other Brassica species [ 54 , 55 ]. These authors suggest that glucosinolates play an important role in heavy-metal tolerance in different Brassica plant species [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Glutamic Acid and Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Enhanced the Heat Resistance of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) by Improving Carotenoid Biosynthesis, Photosynthesis, and ROS Signaling

“…In addition to the role in detoxification, conjugation of glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by GST is required for biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GSLs), which are primarily found in plants of the genus Brassica and involved in plant defense [ 49 ]. It has been shown that an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant with GSLs metabolic defects shows a decrease in the levels of heat shock stress protein Hsp90 and a decrease in tolerance to high temperatures [ 50 ].…”