Liquidus temperatures in calcium ferrite slags in equilibrium with molten copper

Ilyushechkin, Alexander; Hayes, Peter C.; Jak, Evgueni

doi:10.1007/s11663-004-0022-8

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The use of platinum crucibles to contain slags, as used in the previous investigation [5] on the FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -CaO-SiO 2 system, is not feasible due to the dissolution of metallic copper in the platinum crucibles resulting in the melting of the crucible. Previous studies of copper-saturated slags were undertaken by Ilyushechkin et al [7] and Takeda [8] investigating calcium-ferrite slags. Takeda [8] completed experiments at copper saturation using magnesia crucibles and analyzed the composition of the slag using a wet chemical assaying technique.…”

Section: A Selection Of Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Equilibria in Ferrous Calcium Silicate Slags: Part III. Copper-Saturated Slag at 1250 °C and 1300 °C at an Oxygen Partial Pressure of 10−6 atm

Nikolic

Hayes

Jak

2008

Metall Mater Trans B

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Section: A Selection Of Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Equilibria in Ferrous Calcium Silicate Slags: Part III. Copper-Saturated Slag at 1250 °C and 1300 °C at an Oxygen Partial Pressure of 10−6 atm

Nikolic

Hayes

Jak

2008

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…[1,2] The Cu-Fe-O system has been investigated several times experimentally in the past including phase equilibria and some thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic modeling is not available so far and therefore the aim of the present study was to obtain a thermodynamic dataset for the Cu-Fe-O system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Assessment of the Cu-Fe-O System

Khvan

Fabrichnaya

Savinykh

et al. 2011

J. Phase Equilib. Diffus.

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The system Cu-F-O was assessed with CALPHAD technique using computerized optimization procedure (PARROT). Two solid phases CuFe 2 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 forming solid solution at high temperatures were modeled with compound energy formalism. Presence of Cu 1+ on tetrahedral sites in the samples with compositions close to CuFe 5 O 8 reported in the literature was taken into account. The second ternary compound, CuFeO 2 , was modeled as a stoichiometric phase. For the liquid phase, an ionic two-sublattice model was used. In total 17 adjustable parameters were optimized (9 for the spinel phase, 2 for the delafossite and 6 for the liquid phase) to describe the experimental data. The consistent dataset, which gives a description of the properties from 923 to 1273 K, was obtained.

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“…Oxygen partial pressures are determined by the condensed system through a series of reactions such as 'Fe 3+ ↔ Fe 2+ ' based on the assumption of limited interaction with the gas phase as the condensed system approaches equilibrium significantly faster. This has been described in detail in previous papers [85,86]. The resulting oxygen partial pressures were not measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental studies on the chemical aspects of freeze linings

Crivits¹

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The application of freeze lining technologies has been shown to be highly effective in extending the working lives of pyrometallurgical furnaces operating under aggressive process conditions and corrosive liquid melts. Freeze linings are obtained by cooling the outer furnace walls, resulting in the formation of solid protective deposits on the inner walls of the furnace linings. Of particular interest to process operators are the freeze lining thickness and the heat loss through the furnace walls, both of which are directly related to the bath-freeze lining interface temperature.In most of the predictions for thermal steady state conditions, the assumption has been made that the temperature at the freeze lining/liquid interface is equal to the liquidus temperature of the bulk slag, and that the primary phase forms a dense sealing layer at this deposit/liquid interface. As a result of recent research on these systems, there is now extensive experimental evidence to demonstrate that the interface temperature can be below the liquidus and that the primary phase is not necessarily present at the deposit/liquid interface at thermal steady state conditions. These observations clearly indicate that other factors, in addition to thermal parameters of the system, need to be taken into account in the design of freeze lining systems.In the present study, heat and mass transfer and elementary reaction steps, and the associated thermal, physical, and chemical factors that can influence freeze lining behaviour are identified.From experiments undertaken using CaCl2-H2O solutions, accurate measurements have been made of deposit growth and microstructural changes taking place in the deposit over time were directly observed. These experiments have demonstrated the importance of nucleation rate of the primary phase and the thermal history of the freeze lining.High-temperature experiments in the 'Cu2O'-'Fe2O3'-MgO-SiO2 system in equilibrium with metallic copper have clearly demonstrated that at thermal steady state, bath/freeze lining interface temperatures are lower than the liquidus temperatures, and the possibility of operating processes at subliquidus bath temperatures. These experiments also indicated that an increase in bath temperatures results in an increase of the steady state interface temperature.High-temperature experiments in the Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 system were designed to study the effect of slag viscosity. Differences in the characteristics of the deposit/liquid interface were observed, however, it was unclear whether the observed differences in freeze lining behaviour were caused by the changes in viscosity, or the differences in morphology of the primary phase. The spontaneous decrepitation of freeze linings containing the dicalcium silicate phase on cooling clearly illustrated iv the need for caution when designing freeze lining systems that may form compounds undergoing significant changes in volume due to polymorphic transformations.The research supports the view that deposit/liquid interface temperatures in ...

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Liquidus temperatures in calcium ferrite slags in equilibrium with molten copper

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Phase Equilibria in Ferrous Calcium Silicate Slags: Part III. Copper-Saturated Slag at 1250 °C and 1300 °C at an Oxygen Partial Pressure of 10−6 atm

Phase Equilibria in Ferrous Calcium Silicate Slags: Part III. Copper-Saturated Slag at 1250 °C and 1300 °C at an Oxygen Partial Pressure of 10−6 atm

Thermodynamic Assessment of the Cu-Fe-O System

Fundamental studies on the chemical aspects of freeze linings

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