“…Using a standard VAR, Christiano et al (2005) find a similar result and argue that the inclusion of the aggregate commodity price in the system of endogenous variables helps tackle the price puzzle. Barsky and Kilian (2004) and commodity and goods prices (Belke et al, 2010b;Belke et al, 2014). In this context, global liquidity is viewed as an extension of domestic-level liquidity measures for the G-7 countries and is typically identified via quantitative measures, such as domestic credit scaled by GDP (Gouteron and Szpiro, 2005), broad and narrow monetary aggregates (Baks and Kramer, 1999), excess reserve money created by central banks (Artus and Virard, 2010;Jawadi et al, 2014a), and foreign exchange reserves (De Nicolo and Wiegand, 2007;Darius and Radde, 2010).…”