Liquid ventilation in premature lambs: uptake, biodistribution and elimination of perfluorodecalin liquid

Shaffer, T. H.; Mr, Wolfson; Js, Greenspan; Re, Hoffman; Sl, Davis; Lc, Clark

doi:10.1071/rd9960409

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Small amounts of PFC are detected in the blood of liquid-ventilated animals. 28 Uptake of PFC by other tissues is dependent on its blood flow and fat content, with highest levels (apart from the lungs) found in fat, brain and intestine. 28 Probably minuscule amounts are transpired through the skin.…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Liquid ventilation

Davies¹

1999

J Paediatrics Child Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

: Research on using liquid ventilation to provide artificial respiration in mammals has been ongoing since the 1960s. The development of inert perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquids with high oxygen and carbon dioxide solubility has made gas exchange with liquid ventilation possible. In 1991 the technique of partial liquid ventilation was introduced where PFC are instilled into the lungs whilst continuing with conventional mechanical ventilation. Partial liquid ventilation has been shown to improve gas exchange and lung function with decreased secondary lung injury, in animal models of acute lung injury and surfactant deficiency. It has been used in uncontrolled trials in preterm neonates, and preliminary results are available from a randomized controlled trial of partial liquid ventilation in paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Perfluorocarbons can also be used to deliver drugs to the lungs, to lavage inflammatory exudate and debris from the lungs, and as an intrapulmonary X‐ray contrast medium. Many questions about partial liquid ventilation remain unanswered particularly with regard to the dose of PFC required, its ideal method of administration and the long‐term effects. Partial liquid ventilation promises to be an exciting new therapy for infants and children with a variety of respiratory problems. The technique requires ongoing research and experimentation.

show abstract

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 Uptake of PFC by other tissues is dependent on its blood flow and fat content, with highest levels (apart from the lungs) found in fat, brain and intestine. 28 Probably minuscule amounts are transpired through the skin. There is also an uptake of PFC by macrophages in the lung, liver and spleen.…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid ventilation

Davies¹

1999

J Paediatrics Child Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PFC-administered as liquid (11), vapor (12), or gas (13) into the lung-represent an alternative approach to treat respiratory insufficiency. Intratracheal PFC application prolonged the survival of rats with bacterial pneumonia (14) and reduced the bacterial count in the lungs of newborn rabbits with connatal group B streptococcal pneumonia (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorocarbons Decrease Chlamydophila pneumoniae–Mediated Inflammatory Responses of Rat Type II Pneumocytes In Vitro

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chlamydophila pneumoniae alter the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in alveolar type II (ATII)-cells. Subsequently nuclear factor kappaB (NF-B) is activated and tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF-␣) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) are produced. Perfluorocarbons (PFC) are beneficial in animals with bacterial pneumonia and reduce production of TNF-␣. Using isolated ATII-cells, it was studied whether PFC prevent C. pneumoniae-induced TNF-␣ and MIP-2 release and what the underlying pathway is. PF5080 preincubation prevented C. pneumoniae-induced secretion of TNF-␣ (43 Ϯ 10 versus 661 Ϯ 41 pg/mL) and MIP-2 (573 Ϯ 41 versus 4786 Ϯ 502 pg/mL). The C. pneumoniae-induced 2.2-fold increase of TNF-␣ Receptor 1 expression was reduced by PF5080. C. pneumoniae reduced cytoplasmatic IB␣ (3.7 Ϯ 0.3 versus 14 Ϯ 1) and increased NF-B p65 (31 Ϯ 7.5 versus 3.6 Ϯ 1.1) compared with control. PF5080 prevented NF-B activation. TLR4 expression was 1.5-fold higher after C. pneumoniae incubation, but remained at control levels after PF5080 pretreatment. After 24 h of C. pneumoniae incubation, in 88 Ϯ 6% of cells bacteria were found in the perinuclear region and in 50% of these cells bacteria adhered to cellular surface. After PF5080 preincubation, C. pneumoniae were in 32 Ϯ 4% attached to and in 5 Ϯ 1% internalized in ATII-cells. Since PF5080 was found in ATII-cell membranes, PF5080 effect could be explained by an alteration of the cellular membrane, preventing activation of the inflammatory cascade. Chlamydophila pneumoniae are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that cause respiratory infections in pediatric populations and adults (1,2). Recent studies demonstrated the presence of C. pneumoniae in alveolar macrophages and ATII cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (3). Whereas most respiratory infections with C. pneumoniae are self-limited (4), bacterial colonization can lead to infectious exacerbations and development of COPD (5). Because detection rate of C. pneumonia varies significantly (6), the clinical relevance of C. pneumoniae is still controversial.The effect of C. pneumoniae on isolated ATII-cells is well characterized. C. pneumoniae inhibit the surfactant metabolism of ATII-cells after internalization (7). Many of C. pneumoniae-induced effects are mediated by cytokines. C. pneumoniae act at the ATII cell membrane to induce the expression of TLR4 (8). TLR signaling is partly mediated by the transcription factor NF-B, which controls the expression of many genes involved in the inflammatory response (9). C. pneumoniae-induced activation of NF-B leads to a release of the chemokine MIP-2 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) (8) and its receptor tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). Together, they play an important role in bacterial infections and modulate the inflammatory process (10).PFC-administered as liquid (11), vapor (12), or gas (13) into the lung-represent an alternative approach to treat respiratory insufficiency. Intrat...

show abstract

“…It has been employed for whereas no signal was detected from the pancreatic segment. This indicates that any PFC present in the tissue detection of trace amounts of PFC in blood and tissues of premature lambs during liquid ventilation experiwas below the detection limit of the MR experiment as no fluorine signal could be obtained from the pancreas ments (30). The authors concluded that following uptake of trace amounts (of the order of nl/g of tissue), PFC from a series of volumes of 0.25 mm 3 .…”

Section: Linearity and Precisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited Penetration of Perfluorocarbon in Porcine Pancreas Preserved by Two-Layer Method with ¹⁹Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Headspace Gas Chromatography

Agrawal

Penman³

et al. 2010

Cell Transplant

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mechanism of the two-layer method (TLM) of pancreas preservation is unclear. Facilitating oxygen diffusion into preserved pancreas has been suggested, but direct measurements of tissue pO 2 have yielded conflicting results. The degree of penetration of perfluorocarbon (PFC) into the pancreas during TLM storage is unknown. Segments of porcine pancreas (7.5 cm in length) were preserved either in University of Wisconsin solution (UW) alone (n = 6) or in TLM for 24 h (n = 6). Pancreatic samples were analyzed using Varian INOVA 9.4T MR scanner. External PFC standard was introduced for quantification. Four consecutive transverse images of 4 mm thickness were obtained using a spin-echo sequence. 19 Fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 19 F MRS) was performed with the same parameters except with more averages. MR data were confirmed by headspace chromatography. PFC standard was readily detected in 19 F MR images. There was no signal from pancreas in 19 F MR images following either UW or TLM storage.19 F MR spectra typical of PFC were not obtained from either UW-or TLM-preserved pancreas with nonlocalized 19 F MRS. Mean concentration of PFC in TLM pancreas measured by head space chromatography was 0.011 nl/g (SD ±0.006), not significantly different from background concentration (0.012 nl/g, SD ±0.006) in UW pancreas (p = 0.42). There was no evidence of penetration of PFC into pancreas tissues investigated either by MR or chromatography in organs preserved at hypothermia by TLM, and mechanisms of TLM remain speculative.

show abstract

Liquid ventilation in premature lambs: uptake, biodistribution and elimination of perfluorodecalin liquid

Cited by 51 publications

References 21 publications

Liquid ventilation

Liquid ventilation

Perfluorocarbons Decrease Chlamydophila pneumoniae–Mediated Inflammatory Responses of Rat Type II Pneumocytes In Vitro

Limited Penetration of Perfluorocarbon in Porcine Pancreas Preserved by Two-Layer Method with ¹⁹Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Headspace Gas Chromatography

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Liquid ventilation in premature lambs: uptake, biodistribution and elimination of perfluorodecalin liquid

Cited by 51 publications

References 21 publications

Liquid ventilation

Liquid ventilation

Perfluorocarbons Decrease Chlamydophila pneumoniae–Mediated Inflammatory Responses of Rat Type II Pneumocytes In Vitro

Limited Penetration of Perfluorocarbon in Porcine Pancreas Preserved by Two-Layer Method with 19Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Headspace Gas Chromatography

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Limited Penetration of Perfluorocarbon in Porcine Pancreas Preserved by Two-Layer Method with ¹⁹Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Headspace Gas Chromatography