Liquid‐Vapor‐Air Flow in the Frozen Soil

Yu, Lianyu; Zeng, Yijian; Wen, Jun; Su, Zhongbo

doi:10.1029/2018jd028502

Cited by 75 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, Table shows that the RMSEs of the USWC and soil temperature indicate better model performance with depth. This pattern, however, is disrupted at the 40 cm soil layer, which is due to the sharp soil texture change at this depth as reported by Yu et al (). The soil texture change is also the likely cause of inconsistencies observed in the 40 cm layer's soil freezing characteristic curve, which determines the soil moisture and temperature dynamics in the frozen soil.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Assimilation of Cosmic‐Ray Neutron Counts for the Estimation of Soil Ice Content on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2020

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Accurate observations and simulations of soil moisture phasal forms are crucial in cold region hydrological studies. In the seasonally frozen ground of eastern Tibetan Plateau, water vapor, liquid, and ice coexist in the frost‐susceptible silty‐loam soil during winter. Quantification of soil ice content is thus vital in the investigation and understanding of the region's freezing‐thawing processes. This study focuses on the retrieval of soil ice content utilizing the in situ soil moisture (i.e., liquid phase) and cosmic ray neutron measurements (i.e., total water including liquid and ice), with Observing System Simulation Experiments. To derive the total soil water from neutron counts, different weighting methods (revised, conventional, and uniform) for calibrating the cosmic‐ray neutron probe (CRNP) were intercompared. The comparison showed that the conventional nonlinear method performed the best. Furthermore, to assimilate fast neutrons using the particle filter, the STEMMUS‐FT (Simultaneous Transfer of Energy, Mass and Momentum in Unsaturated Soil) model was used as the physically based process model, and the COSMIC model (Cosmic‐ray Soil Moisture Interaction Code) used as the observation operator (i.e., forward neutron simulator). Other than background inputs from disturbed initializations in the STEMMUS‐FT, model uncertainties were predefined to assimilate fast neutrons. We observed that with enough spread of uncertainties, the updated states could mimic the CRNP observation. In all setups, assimilating CRNP measurements could enhance total soil water analyses, which consequently led to the improved detection of soil ice content and therefore the freezing thawing‐process at the field scale.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Assimilation of Cosmic‐Ray Neutron Counts for the Estimation of Soil Ice Content on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2020

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“…According to Farouki (), ice in the soil affects the pressure head. Therefore, the transport of liquid water through the soil is affected not only by the pressure head gradient but also by the gradient of ice content (Yu et al, ; X. Zhang, Sun, & Xue, ). If there is enough water in the topsoil layer to provide continued growth of ice lens, the driving force can produce a frost heave, followed by a gradual downward formation and development of the frost front and a frozen layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Farouki (1986), ice in the soil affects the pressure head. Therefore, the transport of liquid water through the soil is affected not only by the pressure head gradient but also by the gradient of ice content (Yu et al, 2018;X. Zhang, Sun, & Xue, 2007).…”

Section: Variation Of Wtdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison of cumulative evaporation in the summer (from July 1 to September 30, 2016) and winter (November 1, 2016, to March 14, 2017) is shown in (Watanabe & Osada, 2017;Yu et al, 2018), soil moisture accumulated in the topsoil layer in the form of ice. This was caused by both the gradient of pressure head and soil ice content (Hansson et al, 2004), leading to increased evaporation during thawing.…”

Section: Comparison Of Summer and Winter Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, certain simulation software, such as Hydrus-1D (Hansson et al, 2004), SHAW model (Mohammed, Schincariol, Quinton, Nagare, & Flerchinger, 2017), and CoupModel (Jansson & Moon, 2001), has been applied to simulate water, heat, and solute transport in cold regions. However, most of these models differ in the physical representing the freezing-thawing process (Yu, Zeng, Wen, & Su, 2018). Evaporation from frozen soils can also be calculated empirically, that is, using the Penman-Monteith equation or ground surface energy balance equation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaporation from seasonally frozen bare and vegetated ground at various groundwater table depths in the Ordos Basin, Northwest China

Zhang

Wang

Gong

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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In cold climates, the process of freezing–thawing significantly affects the ground surface heat balance and water balance. To better understand the mechanism of evaporation from seasonally frozen soils, we performed field experiments at different water table depths on vegetated and bare ground in a semiarid region in China. Soil moisture and temperature, air temperature, precipitation, and water table depths were measured over a 5‐month period (November 1, 2016, to March 14, 2017). The evaporation, which was calculated by a mass balance method, was high in the periods of thawing and low in the periods of freezing. Increased water table depth in the freezing period led to high soil moisture in the upper soil layer, whereas lower initial groundwater levels during freezing–thawing decreased the cumulative evaporation. The extent of evaporation from the bare ground was the same in summer as in winter. These results indicate that a noteworthy amount of evaporation from the bare ground is present during freezing–thawing. Finally, the roots of Salix psammophila could increase the soil temperature. This study presents an insight into the joint effects of soil moisture, temperature, ground vegetation, and water table depths on the evaporation from seasonally frozen soils. Furthermore, it also has important implications for water management in seasonally frozen areas.

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UV Photoionization of Sodium‐Doped Formic Acid Clusters

2018

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The processes involved in the photoionization of sodium-doped clusters are complex, not fully understood for many systems and still strongly debated, especially because of the discrepancy between experimental results and predicted cluster structures. We have performed a study on sodium doped formic acid clusters based on UV photoionization spectroscopy and DFT/TDDFT calculations. Apart from the monomer, all the predicted structures show vertical ionization potential values higher than those obtained by the photoionization measurements. We have calculated the absorption spectra and found many Rydberg-like states near the adiabatic ionization potentials and, crucially, in the UV range where the clusters appearance energies fall. This finding supports the hypothesis of adiabatic contributions in the measured ionization potentials for these clusters.

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Liquid‐Vapor‐Air Flow in the Frozen Soil

Cited by 75 publications

References 84 publications

Assimilation of Cosmic‐Ray Neutron Counts for the Estimation of Soil Ice Content on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Assimilation of Cosmic‐Ray Neutron Counts for the Estimation of Soil Ice Content on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Evaporation from seasonally frozen bare and vegetated ground at various groundwater table depths in the Ordos Basin, Northwest China

UV Photoionization of Sodium‐Doped Formic Acid Clusters

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