Liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge excitation of atomic and ionic species

Konegger-Kappel, Stefanie; Manard, Benjamin T.; Zhang, Lynn X.; Konegger, Thomas; Marcus, R. Kenneth

doi:10.1039/c4ja00302k

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…The combination of high power density and the presence of the electrolyte solution yields a high tolerance for matrix effects of the high ion strength and/or extreme-pH samples. 40,41 The LS-APGD has also been utilized as an ionization source for elemental mass spectrometry, designed to easily integrate onto the electrospray ionization/atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (ESI/APCI) interfaces common to organic/biological mass spectrometers. The device was originally described as an ionization source coupled with a high-resolution Thermo Scientific Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preliminary Assessment of Potential for Metal–Ligand Speciation in Aqueous Solution via the Liquid Sampling–Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge (LS-APGD) Ionization Source: Uranyl Acetate

et al. 2015

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The determination of metals, including the generation of metal-ligand speciation information, is essential across a myriad of biochemical, environmental, and industrial systems. Metal speciation is generally affected by the combination of some form of chromatographic separation (reflective of the metal-ligand chemistry) with element-specific detection for the quantification of the metal composing the chromatographic eluent. Thus, the identity of the metal-ligand is assigned by inference. Presented here, the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) is assessed as an ionization source for metal speciation, with the uranyl ion-acetate system used as a test system. Molecular mass spectra can be obtained from the same source by simple modification of the sustaining electrolyte solution. Specifically, chemical information pertaining to the degree of acetate complexation of uranyl ion (UO2(2+)) is assessed as a function of pH in the spectral abundance of three metallic species: inorganic (nonligated) uranyl, UO2Ac(H2O)n(MeOH)m(+), and UO2Ac2(H2O)n(MeOH)(m)H(+) (n = 1, 2, 3, ...; m = 1, 2, 3, ...). The product mass spectra are different from what are obtained from electrospray ionization sources that have been applied to this system. The resulting relationships between the speciation and pH values have been compared to calculated concentrations of the corresponding uranyl species: UO2(2+), UO2Ac(+), UO2Ac2. The capacity for the LS-APGD to affect both atomic mass spectra and structurally significant spectra for organometallic complexes is a unique and potentially powerful combination.

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confidence: 99%

Preliminary Assessment of Potential for Metal–Ligand Speciation in Aqueous Solution via the Liquid Sampling–Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge (LS-APGD) Ionization Source: Uranyl Acetate

et al. 2015

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“…through which helium gas flowed. This was done as previous works in the analysis of LA-introduced particles and direct liquid analysis revealed a more robust and stable plasma. , Future studies will look to the parametric dependence and utility of the counter gas flow. The plasma operation is very similar to the standard OES implementation, with a discharge current of 60 mA and a potential of ∼850 V, d.c.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both spectroscopic sampling modes, volume-limited (10 μL) samples and particles produced via laser ablation have been analyzed. In the OES case, small array-based optical spectrometers having relatively low dispersion can be used in the place of high-resolution platforms . In the MS sampling, the ability to efficiently sample the microplasma with conventional atmospheric sampling organic mass spectrometer systems allows their use as an alternative, elemental ionization source on existing systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the OES case, small array-based optical spectrometers having relatively low dispersion can be used in the place of high-resolution platforms. 19 In the MS sampling, the ability to efficiently sample the microplasma with conventional atmospheric sampling organic mass spectrometer systems allows their use as an alternative, 18 elemental ionization source on existing systems. Most recently, the use of the LS-APGD as an ionization source for molecular mass spectrometry has been demonstrated, first operating in an ADI-MS mode 20 and, more recently, as a molecular ionization source.…”

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Conceptual Demonstration of Ambient Desorption-Optical Emission Spectroscopy Using a Liquid Sampling-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Microplasma Source

2016

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The concept of ambient desorption-optical emission spectroscopy (AD-OES) is demonstrated using a liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasma as the desorption/excitation source. The LS-APGD has previously been employed for elemental analysis of solution samples and particulates introduced via laser ablation in both the optical emission and mass spectrometries (OES, MS) modes. In addition, the device has been shown to be effective for the analysis of elemental and molecular species operating in an ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) mode. Proof-of-concept is presented here in the use of the LS-APGD to volatilize three very diverse sample forms (metallic thin films, dry solution residues, and bulk materials), with the liberated material excited within the microplasma and detected via OES, i.e., AD-OES. While the demonstration is principally qualitative at this point, it is believed that the basic approach may find application across a broad spectrum of analytical challenges requiring elemental analysis, including metals, soils, and volume-limited solutions, analogous to what has been seen in the development of the field of ADI-MS for molecular species determinations.

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“…Jamroz et al [3][4][5] refer to a similar system as an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) generated in contact with a owing liquid cathode. 10,11 Several reviews [13][14][15][16][17] detail the development of all these discharges. Although there are differences among the versions of these discharges, they are similar enough that results can be cautiously translated among them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of sample and plasma properties in solution-cathode glow discharge and effects of organic additives on these properties

Decker

Webb

2016

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Solution-cathode glow discharge was studied in an attempt to further elucidate the processes involved in the plasma. Spectroscopic and electrical properties were measured with and without the influence of three organic modifiers: formic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol. Degradation products (CO, C 2 , and CH) of the modifiers were detected in the plasma spectroscopically. Properties of solutions before and after exposure to the discharge were compared. The effects of organic additives on these solution properties were measured. A single, simple mechanism was not consistent with the data, so a multi-part mechanism is proposed for solution and analyte transport into the plasma. Evaporation from the cathode surface, droplet generation, and chemical generation of volatile species may each play a role.

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Liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge excitation of atomic and ionic species

Abstract: Inter-parametric evaluation of the production of excited atomic and ionic states in the LS-APGD microplasma is presented.

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Preliminary Assessment of Potential for Metal–Ligand Speciation in Aqueous Solution via the Liquid Sampling–Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge (LS-APGD) Ionization Source: Uranyl Acetate

Preliminary Assessment of Potential for Metal–Ligand Speciation in Aqueous Solution via the Liquid Sampling–Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge (LS-APGD) Ionization Source: Uranyl Acetate

Conceptual Demonstration of Ambient Desorption-Optical Emission Spectroscopy Using a Liquid Sampling-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Microplasma Source

Measurement of sample and plasma properties in solution-cathode glow discharge and effects of organic additives on these properties

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