Liquid-rubber-modified epoxy/clay nanocomposites: effect of dispersion methods on morphology and ultimate properties

Vijayan, P. Poornima; Puglia, Debora; Pionteck, Jürgen; Thomas, Sabu

doi:10.1007/s00289-015-1365-9

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Moreover, the formation of cross‐linked network structure might be due to better chemical interaction between the EP‐hPDMS matrix and ZnO nanoparticles, which resulted in restricting the rotation of polymer chain segments of EPZ‐1 composition . Similar findings on restricted segmental motion of inter–cross‐linked network at organic‐inorganic interface have been reported by Vijayan et al for EP‐clay nanocomposites. On the other hand, the slight decrease in T g for EPZ‐3.5 and EPZ‐6.5 in comparison with EPZ‐1 might be due to the agglomeration of ZnO nanoparticles, which decreased the interaction in between the EP‐hPDMS matrix and ZnO nanoparticles, resulting in decreasing the cross‐linking density .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…All the fabricated EPZ nanocomposite films exhibited single T g because of the formation of inter–cross‐linked network structure . The T g is influenced by molecular packing and chain rigidity as reported by Vijayan et al Thus, the formation of this inter–cross‐linked structure led to the shifting of T g significantly towards higher temperature for EPZ nanocomposite samples. Moreover, this phenomenon can also be attributed to the lowering of free‐volume concentration as molecules close up during the process of curing .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The higher toughness value of 81.6 MPa was obtained for EPC. This might be due to the incorporation of h‐PDMS within the EP resin . The energy‐absorbing mechanism exhibited by h‐PDMS helps in promoting stress transfer, thereby protecting the neat EPC system against catastrophic failure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of multifunctional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐epoxy‐zinc oxide nanocomposite coatings for marine applications

Verma

Das²,

Mohanty

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Multifunctional epoxy-polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite coatings with antifouling and anticorrosion characteristics have been developed via in situ polymerization method at different loading (1, 3, and 6.5 wt.%) of ZnO nanoparticles to cater marine applications. A detailed comparative analysis has been carried out between epoxy-polydimethylsiloxane control (EPC) and ZnO-reinforced coatings to determine the influence of ZnO loading on various properties. The incorporation of ZnO in EPC led to increase in root mean square (RMS) roughness to 126.75 nm and improved hydrophobicity showing maximum contact angle of 123.5°with low surface energy of 19.75 mN/m of nanocomposite coating as compared with control coating. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) result indicated improved glass transition temperature of nanocomposite coatings with highest T g obtained at 83.69°C in case of 1 wt.% loading of ZnO. The increase in hydrophobicity of the system was accompanied by upgraded anticorrosion performance exhibiting 98.8% corrosion inhibition efficiency (CIE) as compared with control coating and lower corrosion rate of 0.12 × 10 −3 mm/year. The Taber abrasion resistance and pull-off adhesion strength results indicated an increment of 34.7% and 150.7%, respectively, in case of nanocomposite coating as compared with the control coating.The hardness of nanocomposite coatings was also improved, and maximum hardness was found to be 65.75 MPa for nanocomposite coating with 1 wt.% of ZnO.Our study showed that the nanocomposite coating was efficient in inhibiting accumulation of marine bacteria and preventing biofouling for more than 8 months. The developed environment-friendly and efficient nanocomposite material has a promising future as a high-performance anticorrosive and antifouling coating for marine applications. | MATERIALSEP resin, i.e., DGEBA, Araldite GY-251 with EP equivalent value ranging from 180 to 189 g/eq and EP value of 5.30 to 5.55 eq/Kg, and hardener triethylene tetra amine (TETA, Aradur HY-951) with amine value 24.04 g/eq were purchased from M/s. Huntsman Int Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, India. PDMS-hydroxy terminated (h-PDMS) with dynamic viscosity of 25 centistokes and density value 0.95 g/mL at temperature of 25°C and APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), assay (99%) and density value of 0.946 g/mL at 25°C (lit.) were procured from M/s. Sigma Aldrich Pvt Ltd, India. ZnO nanoparticle with average particle size of approximately 20 nm were purchased from M/s. Sisco

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

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Development of multifunctional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐epoxy‐zinc oxide nanocomposite coatings for marine applications

Verma

Das²,

Mohanty

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…It was previously reported that the presence of liquid rubber reduced the thermal stability of the epoxy matrix. 54 It could be seen that the thermal stability parameters of the epoxy/I.28E/CTBN and epoxy/I.30E/CTBN hybrids are similar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

The role of clay modifier on cure characteristics and properties of epoxy/clay/carboxyl-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (CTBN) hybrid

Puglia

P³

et al. 2016

Materials Technology

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Epoxy/clay/carboxyl-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (CTBN) hybrids were prepared with two different organically modified clays. Octadecyl amine and trimethyl stearyl ammonium-modified nanoclays (Nanomer I.30E and I.28E, respectively) were used. The dispersion of the nanoclay in binary epoxy/clay and epoxy/clay/CTBN hybrid nanocomposites was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, and the observed morphological details were explained by the prediction of solubility parameter for each component in the nanocomposites. The effect of clay modifier on cure characteristics of binary epoxy/clay and epoxy/clay/CTBN hybrid nanocomposites was studied using rheological analysis. Glass transition temperatures (T g ) and thermal stability of binary and hybrid nanocomposites were also measured. The reduced cross-link density via epoxy homopolymerization, the plasticizing effect of clay modifier/dissolved liquid rubber and the interfacial adhesion between the polymer and the clay platelets were found to affect the Tg of epoxy/clay/CTBN hybrid. In epoxy/clay/ CTBN hybrid, the thermal stability was mainly attributed to the presence of CTBN which hide the effect of clay modifiers.

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“…Cs þ , UO 2 þ diffusion [30,31], Fe 3þ reduction [24,32], H 2 O radiolysis [26,[33][34][35]). In reality, owing to attributes such as low cost, good fire resistance and nontoxicity, clay is a widely used material, environmental and medical science for engineering material manufacture [36][37][38][39][40][41], sewage treatment or environmental remediation [42][43][44], drug delivery [45], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive study on structure transformation of muscovite single crystal under high-doseγ-ray irradiation and mechanism speculation

et al. 2019

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Intensive study on structure transformation of muscovite single crystal under high-dose γ -ray irradiation is essential for its use in irradiation detection and also beneficial for mechanism cognition on defect formation within a matrix of clay used in the disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLRW). In this work, muscovite single crystal was irradiated with Co-60 γ ray in air at a dose rate of 54 Gy min −1 with doses of 0–1000 kGy. Then, structure transformation and mechanism were explored by Raman spectrum, Fourier-transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, CA, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy. The main results show that variations in the chemical/crystalline structure are dose-dependent. Low-dose irradiation sufficiently destroyed the structure, removing Si–OH, thus declining hydrophilicity. With dose increase up to 100 kGy, CA increased from 20° to 40°. Except for hydrophilicity variation, shrink occurred in the (004) lattice plane which later recovered; the variation range at 500 kGy irradiation was 0.5% close to 0.02 Å. The main mechanisms involved were framework break and H 2 O radiolysis. Framework break results in Si–OH removal and H 2 O radiolysis results in extra OH introduction. The extra introduced OH probably results in Si–OH bond regeneration, lattice plane shrink and recovered surface hydrophilicity. The importance of framework break and H 2 O radiolysis on structure transformation is dose-dependence. At low doses, framework break seems more important while at high doses H 2 O radiolysis is important. Generally, variations in the chemical structure and surface property are nonlinear and less at high doses. This indicates using the chemical structure or surface property variation to describe irradiation is correct at low doses but not at high doses. This finding is meaningful for realizing whether muscovite is suitable for detecting high-dose irradiation or not, and mechanism exploration is efficient for identifying the procedure for defect formation within the matrix of clay used in disposal HLRW in practice.

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Liquid-rubber-modified epoxy/clay nanocomposites: effect of dispersion methods on morphology and ultimate properties

Cited by 29 publications

References 64 publications

Development of multifunctional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐epoxy‐zinc oxide nanocomposite coatings for marine applications

Development of multifunctional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐epoxy‐zinc oxide nanocomposite coatings for marine applications

The role of clay modifier on cure characteristics and properties of epoxy/clay/carboxyl-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (CTBN) hybrid

Intensive study on structure transformation of muscovite single crystal under high-doseγ-ray irradiation and mechanism speculation

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