Liquid-Phase Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol over Mo2C Supported on Commercial CNF. Effects of Operating Conditions on Conversion and Product Selectivity

Abstract

In this work, a Mo 2 C catalyst that was supported on commercial carbon nanofibers (CNF) was synthetized and tested in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol. The effects of operating conditions (temperature and pressure) and reaction time (2 and 4 h) on the conversion of guaiacol and products selectivity were studied. The major reaction products were cresol and phenol, followed by xylenols and toluene. The use of more severe operating conditions during the HDO of guaiacol caused a diversification in the reaction pathways, and consequently in the selectivity to products. The formation of phenol may have occurred by demethylation of guaiacol, followed by dehydroxylation of catechol, together with other reaction pathways, including direct guaiacol demethoxylation, and demethylation of cresols. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of spent catalysts did not reveal any significant changes as compared to the fresh catalyst.

Carbon nanofiber supported Mo2C catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol: The importance of the carburization process

“…Carbon-supported molybdenum carbides have been used in a number of reactions, such as HDO of bio-oils model compounds [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and vegetable oils [23,24,[30][31][32][33], dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane [18], hydrodesulphurization of dibenzothiophene [33], hydrodenitrogenation of indole [34], deoxygenation or hydrogenation of guaiacol [28,35], lignin ethanolysis [36], H 2 production by hydrazine [37] or ethanol decomposition [38], steam reforming of methanol [21,39] and as electrocatalyst in hydrogen evolution reactions [32,40].…”

“…Among the different carbonaceous materials used as Mo 2 C supports, activated carbons (AC) are the most widely used [19, 24-26, 28, 30, 31, 35, 36, 41-43], although other materials such as carbon blacks (CB) [32,34,44], multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) [18,21,25,32,38,39,45,46], carbon nanofibers (CNF) [25,29,47,48] and ordered mesoporous carbons (OMC) [30,37] have also been tested.…”

A Comparative Study of MFI Zeolite Derived from Different Silica Sources: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Performance

“…Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a catalytic upgrading process, which has been considered to be the most effective method for bio-oil upgrading [42]. ZSM-5 with moderate acid intensity is a suitable acidic supplier for bio-oil upgrading, especially for lignin derived phenolic compounds upgrading.…”

Synthesis and characterization of a supported Pd complex on carbon nanofibers for the selective decarbonylation of stearic acid to 1-heptadecene: the importance of subnanometric Pd dispersion

“…graphitic carbon (PDF file 75-2078), respectively. 57 Additionally, the reflection peaks of the face-centred cubic crystal structure of Pd(0) (PDF file 88-2335) were also present in the pattern of the impregnated catalysts. The mean crystallite size of such Pd(0) particles calculated by applying Rietveld analysis (LVol-IB, TOPAS® software) was 9.3 nm for AnPd/CNF (EtOH) and 12.1 nm for AnPd/CNF (DMF).…”