Project Summary: Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) materials and devices were developed for the direct conversion of heat (infrared thermal radiation) to electricity. State-of-the-art TPV cells in the quaternary alloys of AlGaAsSb and InGaAsSb lattice-matched to GaSb substrates were made by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE). A 5-element series-interconnected TPV array made by bonding thick epitaxial device structures on insulating substrates was demonstrated. Simple zinc diffusion processes, in combination with anodic oxidation, were developed to form optimized p n junction profiles. A new class of low-bandgap (0.35 to 0.5 eV) TPV cells made in InAsSbP was developed.
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2This report provides a chronological narrative of AstroPower/JPL progress in developing several new types of low-bandgap (long wavelength) thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices. The initial focus of the work was to improve the performance of lnGaAsSb cells made by liquid-phase epitaxy on GaSb substrates. The baseline device developed in the Phase I effort advanced from simple p-n homojunction designs to double heterostructure AIGaAsSb/lnGaAsSb with backside mirrors to effect photon recycling. This was followed by development of techniques for series interconnection to make high-voltage InGaAsSb minimodules by bonding thick epitaxial device structures on isulating surrogate substrates. There was also an effort, pursued in the interest of lowering costs, to realize a simplified version of the device using zinc diffusion. Zinc diffusion, in combination with controlled etching and anodic oxidation, could be used to tailor the emitter doping profile and achieve TPV performance comparable to that of more sophisticated double heterostructures. Several theoretical studies by other groups have suggested lower bandgaps to better utilize the thermal radiation of heat sources with relatively low temperatures (e 1200 "C). Top this end, TPV cells were developed in InAsSbP alloys, resulting in devices with spectral responses at wavelengths longer than 3 microns.TPV cell pe...