Liquid-Phase Benzene Oxidation to Phenol with Molecular-Oxygen Catalyzed by Cu-Zeolites

The oxygen activated by the active vanadium species for the selective oxidation of benzene to phenol

“…The investigations of direct oxidation of benzene to phenol with various oxidants, such as nitrous oxide [2][3][4], hydrogen peroxide [5][6][7], molecular oxygen [8], or a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen [9][10][11] have been reported. The direct hydroxylation of benzene with molecular oxygen seems to be more potential for industrial application, which proceeds in a green process.…”

Direct Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol with Molecular Oxygen over Phase Transfer Catalysts: Cyclodextrins Complexes with Vanadium-Substituted Heteropoly Acids

“…Low to moderate yield of phenol and selectivity were achieved. As has been recently shown, active peroxide-type species can be obtained by an in situ reductive activation of molecular oxygen when a catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons is conducted in the presence of co-reductants [2,[15][16][17][18]. Tsuruya and co-workers [19][20][21] reported the use of molecular oxygen as the oxidant for the one-step oxidation of benzene to phenol using Cu-ZSM-5 as a catalyst.…”

One-Step Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol over Cu/Ti/HZSM-5 Catalysts

“…It has been more recently studied that molecular oxygen directly oxidizes benzene to phenol on various catalysts in the presence of reducing regent [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. We have previously reported that the supported copper catalysts effectively oxidize the benzene in acetic acid solution to phenol with molecular oxygen in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reducing reagent [22][23][24]. In these cases, copper ions have been indicated to have redox properties according to physic-chemical measurements [22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

“…We have previously reported that the supported copper catalysts effectively oxidize the benzene in acetic acid solution to phenol with molecular oxygen in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reducing reagent [22][23][24]. In these cases, copper ions have been indicated to have redox properties according to physic-chemical measurements [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, the direct oxidation of benzene to phenol without reducing reagents is more desirable due to the industrialization.…”

“…However, the use of a mixture of H 2 and O 2 has the risk of explosion [13,14]. It has been more recently studied that molecular oxygen directly oxidizes benzene to phenol on various catalysts in the presence of reducing regent [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. We have previously reported that the supported copper catalysts effectively oxidize the benzene in acetic acid solution to phenol with molecular oxygen in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reducing reagent [22][23][24].…”