Liquid-metal-microdroplets-incorporated ultrasoft dielectric gel toward stretchable and healable waste-energy-harvesting devices

Soft and Stretchable Electromagnetic Energy-Harvesting Devices with Topographically Wrinkled Liquid-Metal Electrodes

“…To date, energy-harvesting mechanisms using various energy sources, such as photoelectric, , piezoelectric, , thermal, , frictional, , pyroelectric, , vibrational, , EM, ,, and radio frequency energy , have been explored for harvesting and reutilizing waste energy to generate electricity. Among these, EM energy harvesting is a promising mechanism, owing to its sustainability and growing demand.…”

“…This oxide layer can also help the metal be patterned and stabilized into the desired shapes using various unconventional methods. ,− These unique features of the liquid metal have been utilized to realize stretchable wires , and stretchable circuits . Recently, liquid metals have also been utilized to harvest EM energy dissipated from electronic appliances during operation. ,, The alternating current applied to the devices generates EM waves that can induce alternating electric fields, resulting in change in the polarization direction of the adjacent dielectrics (casting, coating, and supports) and subsequently generating dissipated energy, i.e., dielectric loss. The liquid-metal electrode patterned in a polymeric substrate near the devices can harness EM energy by the induced electrification of the metal, as previously reported. ,, However, to the best of our knowledge, the creation and utilization of topographically wrinkled liquid-metal electrodes patterned on macroscopically large areas that can potentially enhance EM energy harvesting have not been reported thus far.…”

“…18 In addition, dielectric substrates with greater relative permeability, achieved by incorporating liquid metals into polymeric substrates, have demonstrated improved harnessing performances. 18,19 These approaches enable the devices to effectively transduce waste energy from AC-powered electronic appliances into useful electrical energy. 18,19 Another approach to improve the harvesting performance is to incorporate topographically patterned electrodes into energy-harvesting devices.…”

An Oscillation System Based on a Liquid Metal Droplet and Pillars under a Direct Current Electric Field

“…Gallium-based liquid metal at room temperature has attracted extensive interest due to its excellent characteristics such as low toxicity, low melting point, high surface tension, high conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and the flexible ability of motion and deformation. The deformability has endorsed the potential of gallium-based liquid metal in various fields, such as three-dimensional printing, − stretchable and reconfigurable electronics, − soft sensors, , and biomedical treatment. − …”

Intrinsically stretchable porous liquid–metal conductor for multifunctional electronics applications

“…Recent breakthroughs in materials design and device fabrication have promoted stretchable electronics and systems development in fields such as soft robotics, 1,2 on-skin electronics, 3,4 wearable electronics, 5,6 medical diagnostic/treatment, 7,8 and energy conversion and storage, 9,10 in which a high-performance stretchable conductor is essential for stretchability. Several strategies have been proposed to construct stretchable electrodes that can maintain conductive paths with acceptable resistance change while being stretched.…”