Liquid Metal-Based Electronic Textiles Coated with Au Nanoparticles as Stretchable Electrode Materials for Healthcare Monitoring

Abstract

Liquid metals (LMs) have gained great attention due to their fluidic behavior and metallic characteristics, suggesting the LMs to be an ideal electrode material for stretchable electronic textiles (e-textiles) in real-time healthcare systems. Despite advancements in material design techniques enabling LMs to monitor physiologic conditions on the skin, the low biostability of LMs remains challenging for practical use in e-textile. Here, we introduce a mechanically responsive and conductive gold nanoparticle (Au NP) layer as encapsulation on the LM layer to monitor healthcare systems with stretchable benefits. The Au NPencapsulated LM-based e-textile (AuLM textile) shows high electrical and mechanical stabilities under stretching deformation. We also demonstrate that Au NPs can maintain bonding to the fluidic LM layer when stretched and after stretching. The AuLM textile is equipped with biocompatibility and high electrochemical performance, resulting in multimodal biomedical applications. The electrochemical performance of the AuLM textile allows for sweat component detection and noninvasive, high sensitivity estimation of blood sugar contents. In addition, electrocardiography and electromyography measurements determined that the stretchable platform provides stable monitoring results under motion, and the Au NP encapsulation solves the biostability issue caused by a bare LM environment. This is the first demonstration of preparing stretchable e-textiles using the LM platform with practical and multimodal benefits. The study will open numerous design opportunities for next-generation stretchable bioelectronic applications.

Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics

“…The resulting metal-coated textiles showed excellent abrasion resistance and wash durability, making them highly suitable for wearable E-textiles. Apart from conventional metals, incorporating novel metal conductors such as LMs with textile substrates has been of great interest in recent years. − Figure d presents the fabrication of permeable and stretchable conductors by coating LM on nonwoven poly­(styrene- block -butadiene- block -styrene) (SBS) mats. The SBS mats were modified with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance the wettability of LM on textile substrate, as Ag can form alloys with LM.…”

Stretchable Sensor Materials Applicable to Radiofrequency Coil Design in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review

“…Conductive threads offer rapid and consistent manufacturing using a professional embroidery machine and provide greater tensile strength than 30 AWG copper wire [ 30 , 63 ]. Substrate/encapsulation materials vary from silicone tubes [ 21 ] and polymer microfluidic channels [ 8 ] to stretchable fabrics [ 64 ].…”

“…( E ) Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) deposited on LM fabric. ( F ) AuLMPs textile sensor under stretch [ 64 ]. ( G ) Embroidered textile sensor subjected to ( H ) folding and ( I ) twisting [ 69 ].…”

“…These have shown great potential for textile substrate sensor applications [ 77 ]. In particular, the knitted fabric offers formidable stretchability (as seen in Figure 2 D–F) but has shown a mechanical recovery loss of ~166%, and thus comes with limitations to geometry and stretching [ 64 ]. A detailed overview of textile manufacturing processes and materials can be found in [ 78 ].…”