Liquid–Liquid Extraction Systems of Benzoic Acid in Water and Heptane, Methylbenzene, or Trichloroethylene as Cosolvent

Abstract

Equilibrium data at (293 ( 2) K are presented for benzoic acid in water and three different organic phases (heptane, methylbenzene, and trichloroethylene). The monomeric partition constant, K P MON , and the dimerization constant, K D , for the organic phase were determined at 293 K. For the heptane/water benzoic acid system, K P MON equals (0.209 ( 0.049) m 3 AQ 3 m À3 ORG , and K D equals (1.33 ( 0.68) m 3 3 mol À1 . For the methylbenzene/water benzoic acid system, K P MON equals (1.17 ( 0.92) m 3 AQ 3 m À3 ORG , and K D equals (0.39 ( 0.64) m 3 3 mol À1 . For the trichloroethylene/water benzoic acid system, K P MON equals (0.808 ( 0.295) m 3 AQ 3 m À3 ORG , and K D equals (1.18 ( 0.89) m 3 3 mol À1 . Equilibrium constants were obtained from UVÀvis spectroscopy and conductivity experiments. The equilibrium data of these extraction systems can be used to quantify liquidÀliquid mass transfer rates with extraction systems that require low flammability risk (trichloroethylene), low costs (methylbenzene), or setups constructed from polymethyl methacrylate (heptane).

Water and n-Heptane Volume Fractions in a Rotor-Stator Spinning Disc Reactor

“…A two-phase system of water and n-heptane was selected to study the volume fraction. , For all experiments, demineralized water was used. Pelikan Royal Blue ink was obtained from BETO Schoolartikelen.…”

Solubility, Thermodynamic Parameters, and Dissolution Properties of 17-α Hydroxyprogesterone in 13 Pure Solvents

“…In addition, the contribution rates of enthalpy and entropy of dissolution to the Gibbs energy of dissolution were estimated by using %ξ H and %ξ TS . The equations for %ξ H and %ξ TS are as follows , % ξ H = false| Δ sol H ° false| false| Δ sol H ° false| + | T normalΔ sol S ° | × 100 % ξ TS = false| T Δ sol S ° false| false| Δ sol H ° false| + | T normalΔ sol S ° | × 100 …”

“…In addition, the contribution rates of enthalpy and entropy of dissolution to the Gibbs energy of dissolution were estimated by using %ξ H and %ξ TS . The equations for %ξ H and %ξ TS are as follows 20 , 21 …”

Benzoic acid was extracted from water with heptane in a single stage HRDC extractor

“…Visscher et al indicated that the extraction of benzoic acid from water using n-hexane was a chemical reaction process, where benzoic acid in the organic phase and aqueous phase undergo mutual transfer [10]. Benzoic acid would ionized in water while reacting to form dimerized benzoic acid in the organic phase.…”

“…Its mass transfer and separation properties could be intensified simultaneously and it particularly suitable for O/W emulsion systems. Benzoic acid was applied as a solute because it could be measured in-line in both phases by UVvis spectroscopy [10]. Additionally, it had low toxicity, and it is inexpensive.…”