(Liquid+liquid) equilibria of (water+propionic acid+alcohol) ternary systems

Liquid–liquid two-phase mass transfer in T-type micromixers with different junctions and cylindrical pits

“…The extraction efficiency is amount ratio of transported propionic acid to the maximum transferable propionic acid and could be defined as follows [3,33,36] For measuring Caq*, equal volumes of aqueous and organic phases were vigorously agitated by a magnetic stirrer for 4 h in a glass beaker to provide a sufficient time for equilibration [37]. Thereafter, the mixture was kept in a separatory funnel to separate phases.…”

Influence of the geometric factor on the volume properties of triple mixtures

“…According to Eqs. (15) and (13) [8,9] and the data on the concentration dependences of volume properties of mixtures from [10][11][12][13][14][15]. We studied mixtures of different types, including mixtures comprising liquids with 1) predominantly van der Waals interactions, 2) hydrogen bonds, and 3) both interaction types.…”

“…Third, the special features of the intermolecular interactions resulting in the formation of the clathrate compound, that is, introduction of the parameter z, since its molecular volume is not equal to the sum of volumes of individual molecules constituting clathrate compound. Hence, according to Eqs (15). and(16), to eliminate the effect of geometric factor, the behavior of the relative excess must be investigated.Let us estimate the contribution of the difference in geometric structures of liquids constituting mixture to the excess molar volume.…”

“…For this purpose, with allowance for Eq. (13), we transform absolute excess molar volume(15) into the following relative excess molar volumes: Eq. (17) it follows that the relative excess molar volumes are the product of two factors, is caused by the difference in the interaction energies and directed interactions, and the second factor geom Φ is caused by the difference in geometric structures of pure liquids.…”

(Liquid+liquid) equilibria for ternary mixtures of (water+propionic acid+organic solvent) at T=303.2K

“…Significant investigation has been carried out in recent years on the LLE measurements and the extraction of propionic acid from aqueous solutions by Kırbaslar and coworkers [1][2][3], Özmen and co-workers [4][5][6] and Bilgin and Arısoy [7]. Heavy alcohols, ketones and ethers have mainly been used for extraction of propionic acid from aqueous solutions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”