Liquid – liquid equilibria of quaternary system phosphoric acid/sulfuric acid/water/tri-n-butyl phosphate and the formation of extraction complex at 303.2 K

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of NaCl–NH4Cl–MgCl2–H2O and Its Subsystems NaCl–NH4Cl–H2O and NaCl–MgCl2–H2O at T = 303.15 K

“…A T860 full-automatic point–point titrator (Hanon Instruments) was used to determine the concentration of the chloride ion of the equilibrated solution. The mass of the samples and mixed solutions was measured using an electronic balance (Sartorius BSA224s) with an uncertainty of ±0.0001 g. − A D8/ADVANCE/A25 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer (Bruker, Germany) was used for the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the solid phase.…”

Physicochemical study of extractants for extraction of rare earth element

“…The density (ρ) and viscosity (η) values of pure liquids are reported in Table 1 (Liu et al 2016;Gangwar et al 2013;Moumouzias and Ritzoulis 1992). Experimental values of density (ρ) and viscosity (η) have been reported in Table 2.…”

“…The repeated use of different organic solvents for this process results in severe corrosion to the equipment, and usage of lots of volatile organic solvents may lead to severe environmental pollution. The real picturisation of the role of extractant-diluent pair (EDP) is not still well defined in spite of work by many workers in this field (Laxmi et al 2015;Thirumaran and Jayakumar 2009;Liu et al 2016;Mahapatra et al 2014;Mastumiya et al 2014;Bhatanagar et al 2010;Joshi et al 2010;Patel and Parsania 2010;Palani and Kalavathy 2011;Sakthipandi et al 2012;Srivastava et al 2014;Aswar and Chudhary 2014;Giri and Nath 2015). Thus, an optimal concentration or range of concentration of extractants with particular diluents is a serious concern in the solvent extraction or purex process.…”

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Mn2+,NH4+//SO42–,Cl––H2O and Its Subsystems (Mn2+,NH4+//Cl––H2O, Mn2+//SO42–,Cl––H2O) at T = 303.15 K

“…The temperature can be maintained at ±0.05 K both in the equilibrium process and in the static process. In the course of the experiment, the electronic balance (Sartorius BSA224s) with an uncertainty of ±0.0001 g is used. − The following instruments were used for determining the composition of the chemical in the solution: an automatic Kjeldahl analyzer (Shanghai Peiou Analysis Instrument Co. Ltd., China) is used for measuring the ammonium concentration of the equilibrated solution. A T860 full-automatic point–point titrator (Hanon Instruments) is used to determine the concentration of the chloride ion.…”