Liquid Inclusion Distortion by Lens Shape Effect: In Situ Observation and Quantification on LCAK Steels Using HT-CSLM

Analysis of Self-Organized Patterned Surface Oxide Spots on Ejected Spatter Produced during Laser Powder Bed Fusion

“…Traditionally, silicon and manganese present inside the steel act as deoxidizers which typically cause oxides or silicates to form where the interface phenomena between the liquid iron and slag plays an important role in its behavior [29,30]. In a study by Fierriera [30], it was reported that under certain conditions, round particles of silicates were observed in solidified steel, however they formed a lens-shaped film when floated to the steel surface [30].…”

“…Traditionally, silicon and manganese present inside the steel act as deoxidizers which typically cause oxides or silicates to form where the interface phenomena between the liquid iron and slag plays an important role in its behavior [29,30]. In a study by Fierriera [30], it was reported that under certain conditions, round particles of silicates were observed in solidified steel, however they formed a lens-shaped film when floated to the steel surface [30]. In our study, while the spatter particles quickly solidify, their extreme temperatures may allow them to be hot enough to absorb oxygen a few microns into the particle and become deoxidized by Si and Mn inside the turbulent droplet, forming silicates which float to the surface prior to solidification and organize into spots of varied configurations.…”

Effect of Calcium Content on Characteristics of Inclusions in an Al‐Killed Steel

“…However, it was also reported that the attractive force between liquid inclusions was less than solid inclusions through the in situ observation of inclusions agglomeration, indicating that the aggregation possibility of liquid inclusions was lower than solid inclusions and the calcium treatment technology would not result in the generation of large-size inclusions. [25][26][27][28] On the other hand, it was also proposed that large-size liquid calcium aluminate inclusions in the molten steel were originated from slag droplets entrainment while the unstable oxides such as SiO 2 , FeO, and MnO were reduced by the dissolved aluminum in the molten steel. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] In the present study, laboratorial experiments were performed to study the modification of inclusions by calcium treatment without the effect of refining slag.…”