Liquid detection trial with x-ray diffraction

Harding, G.L.; Fleckenstein, H.; Olesinski, S.; Zienert, G.

doi:10.1117/12.864144

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A companion study [10] performed with SALOME has indicated that XRD possesses molecular-sensitive detection capability for both crystalline substances and liquids. In this sense XRD has the potential to be a versatile detection modality: sensitive to a wide range of threats including plastic explosives, drugs and liquid explosives, with their precursors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental comparison of next-generation XD i topologies

et al. 2010

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SALOME (an acronym for Small Angle Lab Operation Measuring Equipment) is a versatile, energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction imaging (XDi) test-bed facility; commissioned, funded and supported by the Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City, USA. In work presented here, SALOME has been used to investigate the photon collection efficiency of three beam topologies that have been proposed for Next-Generation XDi, namely: Direct Fan-beam (DFB); Parallel Beam (PB); and Inverse Fan-beam (IFB).The single channel replication unit for each of the three topologies was implemented on SALOME. The apertures defining each topology were varied in width, influencing both the detector scatter signal and the momentum resolution. A small powder graphite sample was used as reference object for these measurements, as it provided simultaneous data on counting rate as well as peak resolution for the selected Bragg peak. The photon collection efficiencies at constant momentum peak width for the DFB, PB and IFB topologies were found to follow the trend (from lowest to highest, respectively) conjectured elsewhere in the scientific literature.The basic structure of SALOME is illustrated in Figure 1. The x-ray source is a commercially-available rotating anode electron impact x-ray source operable up to 160 kV and 12 kW DC. The source is supported on a demountable table that is accurately aligned relative to the apertures defining the primary and scatter x-ray beams; thus enabling the radiation source to be exchanged without affecting system alignment. The two primary beam apertures P1 and P2 define a primary beam propagating in the XY plane. The object to be analyzed is mounted on a table whose position in the YZ plane can be moved under computer control. The secondary collimators and spectroscopic detector are mounted on a cantilever table whose angle relative to the primary beam plane can be varied from 0° to 10°. The secondary collimators S1 and S2 define a scatter beam that intersects the primary beam in the sensitive region of the device, where the scatter voxel is located. The fulcrum of the cantilever table is designed to intersect the object table at the scatter voxel so that a change in angle of scatter does not affect the location of the material under investigation. A variety of spectroscopic detectors, including cryostatically cooled germanium as well as room temperature semiconductors such as CdTe and CdZnTe can be mounted on the cantilever table for the purpose of recording energy-dispersive XRD profiles. SALOME was designed to enable spatially resolved, energy-dispersive XRD profiles to be acquired under controlled, variable conditions including: angle of scatter, θ; x-ray source accelerating potential; dimensions of apertures defining the primary and scatter beams; attenuation characteristics; and multiple scatter degradation. In order to minimize the time taken for data acquisition a measurement topology was sought that maximized the photon throughput. As will be seen below, the photon throughput can be increased by t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental comparison of next-generation XD i topologies

et al. 2010

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“…Work on breast cancer detection 11,12 aims to assess suspicious tissue without needle biopsy. Security is a major application [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and full-scale systems have been configured. 16,20 Collimation design is critical to practicality.…”

Section: Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum optimization for x-ray dual-mode imager comprising radiography and coherent scatter

Kemdirim,

Johns

2024

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) IX

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Medical, industrial and security x-ray systems should give images that demonstrate material contrast for accurate identification. Acquiring images simultaneously from coherently scattered x rays plus primary is an efficient way to do so. In our projection imaging system for small biological samples, the same detector is used for both primary and scatter, necessitating attenuation of the post-object primary in order that both primary and scatter lie within the detector's dynamic range. Consideration of the cross sections shows that the peak scatter-to-primary fluence ratio is nearly independent of photon energy. At lower energies, coherent scatter produces larger diffraction rings, which give better spatial separation of primary and scatter, but there is more attenuation and multibeam information disentanglement is more difficult. Previous development work for our system used a 110 kV incident beam, with a 1.5-mm-thick post-object attenuator disk of 90% W/10% Cu alloy for each of the 15 pencil beams. In this work we investigate alternatives which are less attenuating. By reducing the kV and using K-edge filters the beam average energy is lowered to achieve greater primary image contrast. Preliminary primary beam results are shown.

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“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) measures molecular level structures of materials using x-ray coherent scattering signal (Harding et al 2010, Ghammraoui et al 2012. The profile of XRD intensity versus momentum transfer i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of sparse-view coded-aperture x-ray diffraction tomography

2023

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Objective: X-ray diffraction tomography (XRDT) obtains spatial-resolved XRD pattern distribution, which has become a frontier biological sample inspection method. Currently, XRD computed tomography (XRD-CT) featured by the conventional CT scan mode has the best spatial resolution among various XRDT methods, but its scan process takes hours. Meanwhile, snapshot XRDT methods such as coded-aperture XRDT (CA-XRDT) aim at direct imaging without scan movements. With compressed-sensing acquisition applied, CA-XRDT significantly shortens data acquisition time. However, the snapshot acquisition results in a significant drop in resolution. We need an advanced XRDT method that significantly accelerates XRD-CT acquisition and still maintains an acceptable imaging accuracy.Approach: Inspired by the high spatial resolution of XRD-CT from rotational scan and the fast compressed-sensing acquisition in snapshot CA-XRDT (SnapshotCA-XRDT), we proposed a new XRDT imaging method: sparse-view rotational CA-XRDT (RotationCA-XRDT). It takes SnapshotCA-XRDT as a preliminary depth-resolved XRDT method, and combines rotational scan to significantly improve the spatial resolution. A model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) method is adopted for RotationCA-XRDT. We suggest a refined system model for the RotationCA-XRDT MBIR to improve reconstruction image quality.Main results: We conducted our experimental validation based on MC simulation for a breast sample. The results show that the proposed RotationCA-XRDT method succeeded in detecting 2 mm square carcinoma with a 15-view scan. The spatial resolution is significantly improved from current SnapshotCA-XRDT methods. With our refined system model, MBIR can obtain high quality images with little artifacts. Significance: We proposed a new high spatial resolution XRDT method combining coded-aperture compressed-sensing acquisition and sparse-view scan. The proposed RotationCA-XRDT method obtained significantly better image resolution than current SnapshotCA-XRDT methods in the field. It is of great potential for biological sample XRDT inspection. The proposed RotationCA-XRDT is the fastest millimetre-resolution XRDT method in the field which reduces the scan time from hours to minutes.

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Liquid detection trial with x-ray diffraction

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental comparison of next-generation XD i topologies

Experimental comparison of next-generation XD i topologies

Spectrum optimization for x-ray dual-mode imager comprising radiography and coherent scatter

Method of sparse-view coded-aperture x-ray diffraction tomography

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