Liquid culture of Panagrolaimus sp. for use as food for marine aquaculture shrimp and fish species

Honnens, Hilke; Ehlers, Ralf‐Udo

doi:10.1163/15685411-00002689

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In aquaculture, the larvae of some fish species are fed routinely with meiobenthic organisms (rotifers or Artemia eggs) until they are able to accept fish pellets. In the last few years, efforts have been made to use nematodes as a food source for fish larvae (Ricci et al, 2003;Schlechtriem et al, 2004Schlechtriem et al, , 2005Honnens & Ehlers, 2013).…”

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Consumption and prey size selection of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by different juvenile stages of freshwater fish

Weber

Traunspurger

2014

Nematol

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Meiofauna, and nematodes in particular, play an essential role in the diet of certain juvenile freshwater fish. However, the specific consumption and prey size selection of fishes on nematodes is largely unrecognised. In this study, the effects of different juvenile stages of widely distributed common European freshwater fish, gudgeon (Gobio gobio), roach (Rutilus rutilus), ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), and two strains of common carp (Cyprinus carpio (scaled) and C. carpio (mirror)), on abundances of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated in controlled laboratory experiments with a known number of prey. Gudgeon, carp (scaled), and carp (mirror) consumed significant amounts of nematodes, whereas the roach and ninespine stickleback did not. Both strains of common carp reduced nematode abundance dependent on the size of the fish, with smaller fish causing a greater reduction than medium-size or large fish, although fish of all sizes fed significantly on nematodes of all size classes (<0.5, 0.5-1.0 and >1.0 mm). While the gudgeon also reduced nematode abundance dependent on the size of the fish, with increasing body length there was a dietary shift towards larger nematode size classes (0.5-1.0 and >1.0 mm). Morphometric analysis of the branchial basket indicated that the mesh width of gudgeon and both strains of common carp, but not of roach and ninespine stickleback, is suitable for feeding on specific size classes of nematodes. Together, the results showed that nematodes are used as a food source for different juvenile stages of certain species of freshwater fish.

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Consumption and prey size selection of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by different juvenile stages of freshwater fish

Weber

Traunspurger

2014

Nematol

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“…However, they cannot compete with the values reported for the mass‐culture of P. redivivus or Panagrolaimus sp., which can yield up to 291 000 individuals per gram of medium in P. redivivus (Ricci et al., ) and 238 000 individuals per millilitre of medium in Panagrolaimus sp. (Honnens and Ehlers, ). Compared to our study, those values exceed T. aceti yields by around 10‐fold.…”

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confidence: 99%

Improving nematode culture techniques and their effects on amino acid profile with considerations on production costs

Buck

Brüggemann²,

Hundt

et al. 2014

J. Appl. Ichthyol.

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Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of 11 different culture media for production of the free‐living nematode Turbatrix aceti. Several other harvesting methods were tested in addition to mass production. A further focus was the investigation of amino acid alterations caused by the application of various media during the culture of T. aceti and two additional nematode species, Panagrellus redivivus and Caenorhabditis elegans. Finally, a cost analysis for the production of T. aceti was generated and its outcome compared to the production of conventional live feed organisms. Altogether 11 liquid culture media were tested for mass production of the nematode Turbatrix aceti using a minimum of effort in terms of labour and costs. Six harvesting methods, including filtration as well as active swimming of T. aceti were evaluated. Additional to the culture of T. aceti in four of the above‐mentioned media, the nematodes P. redivivus and C. elegans were cultured on two different solid media. Cost analysis for the production of T. aceti includes those of the media, the equipment, as well as the labour costs for culture and harvest. An average density of approx. 30 × 106 ± 8.13 × 106 nematodes L−1 was achieved for T. aceti. The most efficient method (20 μm filtration) allowed harvesting 85.3 ± 2.7% of the nematodes from the medium without disturbing the particles. Lowest efficiency was achieved by combining sedimentation and filtration, accomplishing a harvest of 42.1 ± 5.8%. The amino acid profile of all three nematode species turned out to be both stable and very similar. Amino acid enrichment had little effect. The costs for producing one million T. aceti individuals ranged between 5.39 and 6.19 €, where labour costs accounted for 73 to 84% of the total production costs. In conclusion, T. aceti appears to be very robust, easy to handle, as well as cheaper to cultivate compared to other live‐feed organisms. Therefore, its use in commercial aquaculture should be given future consideration.

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“…Nematode origin and characteristics are described in Honnens & Ehlers (2013). The nematodes were produced in the liquid medium 0M4 on cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae according to Honnens & Ehlers (2013).…”

Section: Culture and Preparation Of Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nematodes were produced in the liquid medium 0M4 on cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae according to Honnens & Ehlers (2013). After 15 days incubation, nematodes were harvested by sieving and washing over plankton netting (mesh size 41 ¡im).…”

Section: Culture and Preparation Of Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(strain NFS-24-5) also displays some favourable characteristics that make it suitable as living food for marine larval fish and shrimps. It has a suitable size ranging from 150 to > 1000 ßm length, tolerates sea water salinity and can be propagated in liquid culture (Honnens & Ehlers, 2013). In addition, preliminary experiments revealed that it tolerates desiccation (Honnens, unpubl.…”

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Desiccation and storage of Panagrolaimus sp. (strain NFS-24-5)

Honnens

Assheuer

Ehlers

2013

Nematol

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Panagrolaimus sp. strain NFS-24-5 has potential to be used as live food for early stages of fish and crustacean species in marine aquaculture. One constraint to its commercialisation is the lack of a method that enables storage of nematodes over a longer time span. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure to transfer nematodes into a dormant state by desiccation. The nematodes were concentrated at densities of 25, 50, 100 and 200 x lO'' individials cm~^ on nylon net or cellulose paper, preconditioned for 72 h at 97.3% relative humidity (RH) and then stored at 52.9 or 32.8% RH for 1 week. Cellulose was a better carrier for the nematodes. Survival of the nematodes was reduced only at the highest nematode density on both materials. The water activity of desiccated nematodes was 0.44 and 0.33 at 52.9% and 32.8% RH, respectively, well beyond a point to prevent microbial growth. After storage over a period of 10 weeks at 25 x lO-* nematodes cm~^ at 52.9 and 32.8% RH, 92% of the nematodes were still alive. Monitoring the size distribution revealed no changes at 52.9%; RH, but there were more of the larger nematodes dying at 32.8% RH in two out of three experiments. The method can be used to store quiescent Panagrolaimus sp. (strain NFS-24-5) for transportation and use in small scale feeding experiments for marine fish and crustacean larvae.

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Liquid culture of Panagrolaimus sp. for use as food for marine aquaculture shrimp and fish species

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Consumption and prey size selection of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by different juvenile stages of freshwater fish

Consumption and prey size selection of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by different juvenile stages of freshwater fish

Improving nematode culture techniques and their effects on amino acid profile with considerations on production costs

Desiccation and storage of Panagrolaimus sp. (strain NFS-24-5)

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