Liquid Crystals — Applications and Uses

Rheology of nematic liquid crystals with highly polar molecules

“…1). The temperature dependent Miesowicz viscosities of nematic liquid crystals depend on the molecular structures and their intermolecular interactions [2,4,21]. There are a few studies on these viscosity coefficients of nematic liquid crystals with polar molecules [22][23][24], but there is no systematic investigation of the structural correlation to the Miesowicz viscosities.…”

Scattering birefringence polarizers based on oriented blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and core–shell particles

“…6,8,9 However, especially in the first half of this century, attention was largely focused on dichroic polarizers, which were primarily used in applications such as antiglare sunglasses, photography filters, and optical instruments ͑microscopes͒. [10][11][12] Nowadays, these linear polarizers are also widely used in flat panel display applications such as twisted nematic ͑TN͒ and super twisted nematic ͑STN͒ displays, [13][14][15][16][17][18] were they serve a dual purpose; a first polarizer is used to generate linearly polarized light. The TN or STN cell contains a low molecular weight, liquid-crystalline material, which modulates the polarization direction of the polarized light dependent on the presence or absence of an electrical field.…”

“…A second polarizer is used in these electro-optical light shutters to generate visual perception of the modulation of the polarization direction of the transmitted light. [13][14][15][16][17][18] A perfect dichroic polarizer with a polarizing efficiency of unity absorbs at least 50% of the incident light, and consequently, the brightness of displays is adversely affected by the polarization filters. 19,20 This limited light efficiency of dichroic polarizers renewed the interest in nondichroic optical components to produce linearly polarized light.…”

Liquid Crystal Projection System Basics

“…Extensive study has established that there is a dense array of three types of sensors, or cones, in the fovea region of the eye's retina, the region responsible for observing detailed imagery [Wyszecki G., 1982;Williamson S. J., 1983;Bahadur B., 1993]. The three cone types detect electromagnetic radiation within overlapping wavelength bands associated with the sensation of red, green, and blue: the additive primary colors.…”

“…It is not in the scope of this book to describe in detail the methods of photometric measurement, which are covered in detail elsewhere [Bahadur B., 1993]. It is important, however, to briefly describe the relationship between luminance output and brightness, since luminance output is most relevant to projector design.…”