Liquid chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry for the follow-up of the elimination of persistent pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment applying biological wastewater treatment and advanced oxidation

Procédés d’oxydation avancée dans le traitement des eaux et des effluents industriels: Application à la dégradation des polluants réfractaires

“…Ils observèrent une dégradation significative de TCE, alors que très peu ou aucun effet n'avait été observé sur les composés non chlorés organiques volatils. Par ailleurs, ce couplage (O 3 /UV) a également été étudié pour le traitement d'effluents contenant divers types de polluants organiques tels que pesticides LAFI et AL-QODAH, 2006), perturbateurs endocriniens (IRMAK et al, 2005;LAU et al, 2007), composés pharmaceutiques (GEBHARDT et SCHROEDER, 2007), surfactants (AMAT et al, 2007), colorants (HSING et al, 2007;WU et CHANG, 2006;YONAR et al, 2005;SHU et CHANG, 2004), nitrobenzène (TONG et al, 2005), antibiotiques (AKMEHMET et OTKER, 2004). …”

Reciclagem de medicamentos: responsabilidade socioambiental

“…Há relatos da presença de poluentes fármacos e produtos de higiene pessoal em mananciais hídricos de países como: Alemanha (HIRSCH, 1999;MOLINARI,. 2006;GEBHARDT,), Estados Unidos (AKHTAR, 2003), Itália (MOLINARI, 2006), Espanha (KUS-TER, 2008) e Brasil (STUMPF, 1999;MOLINARI, 2006;KUSTER, 2008). O Brasil é um dos maiores consumidores de fármacos do mundo, junto com os Estados Unidos, França e Alemanha (STUMPF, 1999).…”

Recent research data on the removal of pharmaceuticals from sewage treatment plants (STP)

“…41 In the last few years, knowledge regarding the environmental occurrence of pharmaceuticals has increased to a large extent due to the rapid development of analytical techniques able to determine polar pharmaceutical compounds even at trace and ultra trace concentrations. 4,[42][43][44][45][46][47] Different sources account for the appearance of these compounds in the aquatic environment. Currently it is accepted that the main sources for drugs in the environment are STP effluents.…”

“…In the last few years, various advanced treatment technologies have been evaluated for this purpose, including membrane bioreactors (MBRs), 4,21 advanced oxidation processes 22,23 and adsorption onto activated carbon or other adsorbents. [24][25][26] The objective of this paper is to provide a broad overview, although not complete, of the actual knowledge regarding the environmental occurrence and fate of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, as well as the removal efficiency rates of some pharmaceuticals in STPs.…”

“…After administration, these compounds are partially metabolized and excreted in urine and feces, and subsequently enter sewage treatment plants (STPs) where they are treated together with other organic and inorganic constituents contained in wastewater. However, it has been shown that some of these pharmaceutical compounds, present in trace and ultra trace concentrations, are not completely removed during this treatment and as a result, they could be observed in STP effluents, [1][2][3][4] surface waters [5][6][7][8] and, less frequently, in groundwater 9,10 and drinking water [10][11][12][13] all over the world. The frequent occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment as well as in drinking water supplies has raised concern regarding their potential impact on the environment and public health.…”