Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method to determine alcohol ethoxylates and alkylamine ethoxylates in soil interstitial water, ground water and surface water samples

Krogh, Kristine A.; Vejrup, Karl V.; Mogensen, Betty Bügel; Halling-Sørensen, Bent

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00077-8

Cited by 62 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For example, the previously mentioned studies of Barcelo's group dealt with the analysis of very low-mass polymers (with masses down to 200 Da). The analysis of alkylamine ethoxylates and alcohol ethoxylates, with standards with masses down to 250 Da in environmental water (Krogh et al, 2002), constitutes another similar example. On the other hand, few studies have referred to relatively high-mass polymers.…”

Section: Ideal For Low Masses More Problematic For High Masses?mentioning

confidence: 99%

APCI/APPI for synthetic polymer analysis

Terrier

Desmazières

Tortajada

et al. 2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Modern mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers involves soft ionization techniques. Whereas matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray (ESI) are employed routinely, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and more recently atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) are used to a lesser extent. However, these latter ionization methods coupled to liquid-phase separation techniques create new opportunities for the characterization of polymers, especially for low molecular weight compounds or for the polymers that are poorly ionizable by the usual methods. After a part devoted to the description of classical MS methods employed for polymer analysis (MALDI, ESI, and their use with chromatography), APCI and APPI techniques will be described, discussed, and selected examples will present the interest of these ionization sources (or interfaces for LC/MS) in the field of polymer analysis.

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Section: Ideal For Low Masses More Problematic For High Masses?mentioning

confidence: 99%

APCI/APPI for synthetic polymer analysis

Terrier

Desmazières

Tortajada

et al. 2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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“…For this extraction, the ASE extracts A and B were mixed prior to evaporation under N 2 . The evaporated extracts were reconstituted in 500 mL water and extracted on Porapak RDX SPE cartridges as described by Krogh et al [19]. Four spiked replicates at concentration level 2A (Table 3), together with duplicated blank samples, were extracted using the SPE method whereas other four spiked replicates and two blanks were analysed without SPE cleanup.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, many different extraction solvents, such as methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, acetone and various mixtures of these have been tested. Addition of a mixture of acetic acid and TEA, which has shown to be successful in eluting ANEO from the C 18 LC-column [19], was evaluated. The optimum conditions were found to be a two step extraction method with first a polar solvent (A) and subsequently an apolar acidic solvent (B) being A: Methanol 100% and B: Hexane:acetone (1:1), 75 mmol L -1 CH 3 COOH and 100 mmol L -1 TEA.…”

Section: Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of alcohol ethoxylates and alkylamine ethoxylates in agricultural soils using pressurised liquid extraction and liquid chromatography?mass spectrometry

Krogh¹,

Mogensen²,

Halling-Sørensen³

et al. 2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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Nonionic surfactants e.g. alcohol ethoxylates (AEOs) and alkylamine ethoxylates (ANEOs) are commonly utilised as adjuvants in pesticide formulations to enhance their effectiveness. In this study, analytical methods for AEO and ANEO determination in soil samples using pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) were developed and used in connection with LC-MS. The recovery of the method, which was highly dependent on the soil properties, varied in the range 47-106% for AEO and 27-109% for ANEO. Detection limits (LOD) were 7-13 microg kg(-1) for AEO and 24-43 microg kg(-1) for ANEO. The developed method has been applied to determine AEOs and ANEOs in surface soil samples from fields sprayed with glyphosate herbicides. Tallowalkylamine ethoxylates (an ANEO) were detected in the soil before and after pesticide application, with increasing concentrations after treatment. The highest concentration in the soil samples was observed for the ANEO homologues with the longest ethoxy chains; in the clay soil the concentration decreased with the length of the ethoxy chain. ANEOs added to pesticide formulations as a technical mixture will, as demonstrated in this study, behave as individual homologues, which is reflected in their behaviour in the environment.

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“…Quasi-molecular ions [M-H] -and a characteristic fragment m/z = 183 were used for their identification and quantification. AES have also been monitored in aquatic systems [62,140] in a similar way, but m/z = 97, corresponding to HO -SO3 -, was selected as the main fragment ion. On the other hand, identification of QACs relies upon measurement of their molecular ions (M + ) in positive ionization mode (PI), and further confirmation can be achieved by mass measurement of main characteristic ions such as m/z = 60 for alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides (ATACs) [141] or m/z = 91 for BACs [94].…”

Section: Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%