Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate cyclic oligomers in blood samples

Diamantidou, Dimitra; Mastrogianni, Orthodoxia; Tsochatzis, Emmanouil D.; Theodoridis, Georgios; Raikos, Nikolaos; Gika, Helen; Kalogiannis, Stavros

doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03741-6

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…54 These results seem to point out that certain cyclic oligomers may go through the human digestion and biochemical metabolic system without being opened to the respective linear (and less toxic) oligomers. 54 This is of particular importance and stresses the absolute need of additional toxicological information for all PES cyclic oligomers.…”

Section: Toxicological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, a recent research work reported for the first time in literature that, although hydrolysis of cyclic PET oligomers might occur after consumption, the abundant trimer could still be detected in blood samples in considerable amounts . These results seem to point out that certain cyclic oligomers may go through the human digestion and biochemical metabolic system without being opened to the respective linear (and less toxic) oligomers . This is of particular importance and stresses the absolute need of additional toxicological information for all PES cyclic oligomers.…”

Section: Pes and Ps Oligomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poly(ethylene terephthalate), Poly(butylene terephthalate), and Polystyrene Oligomers: Occurrence and Analysis in Food Contact Materials and Food

Lopes

Tsochatzis

2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Polyesters (PES) and polystyrene (PS) are among the most used plastics in the production of food contact materials (FCM). The existence of compounds that could migrate from these materials into food requires a constant analytical control to ensure the safety of consumers due to consumption. It also implies a significant research challenge for their identification and quantification. One of the most important groups of known FCM migrants are the substances known as oligomers. PES and PS oligomers have long been suspected to possess some toxicological effects. The International Agency for Research on Cancer and the European Food Safety Authority alerted recently to the potential carcinogenicity of styrene, with its oligomers consequently being also in the spotlight. At the same time, PES cyclic oligomers are categorized as having Cramer III toxicity. Many recent works on the occurrence of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), and PS oligomers in FCM and food have been published. The oligomeric chemical analysis requires the use of demanding analytical strategies to address their different physicochemical characteristics (melting points, octanol/water partition coefficients, and solubility properties). Chromatographic methods are normally preferred due to the intrinsic complexity of the target matrices, but the reduced amount of reliable analytical standards still hinders the widespread screening analysis of oligomers in food. This work presents the most relevant recent studies and analytical methodologies used in the analysis of PET, PBT, and PS oligomers in food and FCM, as well as current and future challenges.

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Section: Toxicological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Pes and Ps Oligomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(ethylene terephthalate), Poly(butylene terephthalate), and Polystyrene Oligomers: Occurrence and Analysis in Food Contact Materials and Food

Lopes

Tsochatzis

2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…An UHPLC system (Bruker, Germany) was used for chromatographic separations of samples using a Waters BEH C18 (150 9 2.1 mm, 1.7 lm) analytical column, protected by a UPLC BEH C18 (5 9 2.1 mm, 1.8 lm) VanGuard pre-column. The method is fully described in Diamantidou et al (2022). Briefly, the mobile phase consisted of solvent A: H 2 O with 0.1% formic acid and solvent B: ACN with 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.…”

Section: Analytical Work/evaluation Of Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of plastic polyester oligomers in real samples and their bioeffects

Di Lonardo,

Diamantidou,

Chatzitaki

et al. 2023

EFS2

Self Cite

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Plastics are ubiquitously, becoming part of our everyday life. Recently, the issue of human exposure to micro‐ and nanoplastic particles and potentially resulting toxicological consequences has been broached, triggered by the discovery of microplastics in foodstuff and dietary exposure via contaminated food and beverages. Within this EU‐FORA fellowship project, a determination and quantification of plastic polyester plastics oligomers in food samples was performed to assess exposure at these categories of ‘nanoplastics’, evaluating them as potential contaminants or as indicators and marker compounds of the exposure to specific nanoplastics/microplastics from polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). UHPLC‐TOF–MS/MS analysis has been set‐up for 10 PET and PBT oligomers and analysis has been performed in foods and drinks. Moreover, the project focused also on the effects of these oligomers in in vitro and ex vivo experiments. These data would be combined with EFSA Comprehensive Food Consumption Database, for the exposure and risk assessment of these ‘Nanoplastics’.

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“…Although we have not observed any oligomers in our experimental results, it could not be ruled out that oligomers (either those originally present in the materials or those intermediate degradation products) were not detected due to their low aqueous solubility. In the future, deeper insight into the degradation mechanism including the possible impacts of oligomers might be obtained by extraction of the reaction medium using organic solvents (Tsochatzis et al, 2020;Diamantidou et al, 2022). In addition, the possible formation of micro-or nanosized particles during the degradation would also be an interesting subject to study.…”

Section: Hicut Activity On Pet and Akestra Tmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the enzymatic depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate and AkestraTM using Humicola insolens cutinase

et al. 2022

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The enzymatic depolymerization of synthetic polyesters has become of great interest in recycling plastics. Most of the research in this area focuses on the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) due to its widespread use in various applications. However, the enzymatic activity on other commercial polyesters is less frequently investigated. Therefore, AkestraTM attracted our attention, which is a copolymer derived from PET with a partially biobased spirocyclic acetal structure. In this study, the activity of Humicola insolens cutinase (HiCut) on PET and AkestraTM films and powder was investigated. HiCut showed higher depolymerization activity on amorphous PET films than on Akestra™ films. However, an outstanding performance was achieved on AkestraTM powder, reaching 38% depolymerization in 235h, while only 12% for PET powder. These results are consistent with the dependence of the enzymes on the crystallinity of the polymer since Akestra™ is amorphous while the PET powder has 14% crystallinity. On the other hand, HiCut docking studies and molecular dynamic simulations (MD) suggested that the PET-derived mono (hydroxyethyl)terephthalate dimer (MHET)2 is a hydrolyzable ligand, producing terephthalic acid (TPA), while the Akestra™-derived TPA-spiroglycol ester is not, which is consistent with the depolymerization products determined experimentally. MD studies also suggest ligand-induced local conformational changes in the active site.

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Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate cyclic oligomers in blood samples

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Poly(ethylene terephthalate), Poly(butylene terephthalate), and Polystyrene Oligomers: Occurrence and Analysis in Food Contact Materials and Food

Poly(ethylene terephthalate), Poly(butylene terephthalate), and Polystyrene Oligomers: Occurrence and Analysis in Food Contact Materials and Food

Determination of plastic polyester oligomers in real samples and their bioeffects

Comparison of the enzymatic depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate and AkestraTM using Humicola insolens cutinase

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