Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry based method for the simultaneous determination of algal and cyanobacterial toxins in phytoplankton from marine waters and lakes followed by tentative structural elucidation of microcystins

Dahlmann, J.; Budakowski, Wes R.; Luckas, Bernd

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00485-0

Cited by 111 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Similar high concentration of toxins was also observed in the soils near the shores of several German lakes (personal communication with Dr. Christian Steinberg). If possible, the extracted toxins can also be applied to high sensitive analysis techniques such as LC\MS, ELISA and so on, which will yield trace amounts of microcystins in soils and sediments (Dahlmann et al, 2003;Lei et al, 2004;Mathys and Surholt, 2004;McElhiney and Lawton, 2005).…”

Section: Number Of Extractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microcystins are a family of hepatotoxins produced mainly by several species of commonly occurring cyanobacteria such as Microcystis, Anabaena and Oscillatoria (Carmichael, 1992(Carmichael, , 1994Aguete et al, 2003;de Figueiredo et al, 2004). These hepatotoxins were involved in many cases of animal poisoning and human health problem in several countries worldwide (Codd et al, 1997;Fastner et al, 1998;Yu, 1989;Sivonen and Jones, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of an effective extraction procedure for the analysis of microcystins in soils and lake sediments

Chen

Lin

Gan

et al. 2006

Environmental Pollution

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Section: Number Of Extractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of an effective extraction procedure for the analysis of microcystins in soils and lake sediments

Chen

Lin

Gan

et al. 2006

Environmental Pollution

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“…Five of them (Garda, Iseo, Como, Lugano, and Maggiore) are defined as deep subalpine lakes (DSL) and contain almost 80% of the total water. We decided to sample the lakes in summer and autumn, when cyanobacteria are most abundant, and to use LC-MS techniques for detecting cyanotoxins because these techniques are highly selective and sensitive , Dahlmann et al 2003, Hiller et al 2007, Spoof et al 2007, Welker et al 2006. The cyanotoxins we considered were cyclic peptides (microcystins and nodularins) and alkaloids (anatoxins and cylindrospermopsins) ( Table 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in the Italian subalpine lacustrine district

Cerasino

Salmaso

2012

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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Nine lakes (Garda, Maggiore, Como, Iseo, Lugano, Idro, Pusiano, Ledro, and Levico) located in the Italian subalpine lacustrine district were chosen for a comparative study of the diversity and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins. All nine lakes are known to host different toxic cyanobacteria, mainly Planktothrix rubescens. An analytical protocol has been used, based on LC-MS technique, for determining 20 different toxins (14 microcystins, 2 nodularins, anatoxin-a and 3 cylindrospermopsins). In the investigation, microcystins were found in all lakes on all sampling dates. Anatoxin-a could be detected in 6 lakes, but it was only present in 4 lakes on all sampling dates (lakes Garda, Iseo, Como, and Maggiore). Nodularins and cylindrospermopsins were not detected at all. The number of microcystins detected in the survey was 9, but 4 were the most abundant (dmRR, YR, dmLR, and LR); they were differently distributed among the lakes, thus providing each lake a unique toxic potential. Statistical analysis showed positive * Corresponding Author e-mail: leonardo.cerasino@iasma.it correlations between total microcystin concentrations and eutrophication indicators and also between anatoxin-a concentrations and water temperature, suggesting that anthropic and climate-related stressors can have different impacts on the presence of different cyanotoxins.

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“…[28]. The method developed by Dahlmann et al [29] enabled simultaneous quantification of 7 toxins with a single chromatographic run within 30 minutes using a single quadrupole MS. Table 2 illustrates a range of physicochemical and toxicological properties for several selected algal toxins, including the most commonly occurring algal toxins such as microcystins (MCs), nodularins (NOD), anatoxins (ANTX), cylindrospermopsin (CYL), and saxitoxins (STX). The high molecular weight hepatotoxic MCs and NOD are cyclic peptides, and ANTX, CYN, and STX are heterocyclic alkaloids.…”

Section: Monitoring and Analytical Challenges For Measuring Various Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Techniques for Detecting and Monitoring Algal Toxins and Causative Harmful Algal Blooms

2014

J Environ Anal Chem

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The detection and monitoring techniques for algal toxins and the causative harmful algal blooms (HABs) are essential for the protection of aquatic lives, shellfish safety, drinking water quality, and public health. Toward the development of fast, easy, and reliable techniques, much progress has been made during the last decade for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of algal toxins. This review highlights the recent progress and new trends of these analytical and monitoring tools, ranging from in-situ quick screening protocols for the monitoring of algal blooms to mass spectrometric analysis of trace levels of various algal toxins and structural elucidation. Solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) deployed in the field for the passive sampling of algal toxins has been recently validated, and improved ELISA-based methods with lower detection limits for more toxins have become commercially available for both screening and routine monitoring purposes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with several recent mass spectrometric innovations has expanded our understanding of traditional toxins, their metabolites along with newly discovered toxins of ecological importance. Several established in vivo and in vitro bioassays will continue to be used as benchmark toxicological testing of algal toxins; however, newly emerged molecular probing techniques such as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) have extended our ability to trace algal toxins from causative organisms at the molecular level. New chemical and biological sensors, lab-on-chip and remote sensing of blooms being developed will hold promise for early warning and routine monitoring to better manage and protect our freshwater, coastal and marine resources from adverse impact by harmful algal blooms.

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Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry based method for the simultaneous determination of algal and cyanobacterial toxins in phytoplankton from marine waters and lakes followed by tentative structural elucidation of microcystins

Cited by 111 publications

References 41 publications

Optimization of an effective extraction procedure for the analysis of microcystins in soils and lake sediments

Optimization of an effective extraction procedure for the analysis of microcystins in soils and lake sediments

Diversity and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in the Italian subalpine lacustrine district

Current Techniques for Detecting and Monitoring Algal Toxins and Causative Harmful Algal Blooms

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