Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Carbonyl (2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazones with Detection by Diode Array Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and by Atmospheric Pressure Negative Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Grosjean, Eric; Green, Peter G.; Grosjean, Daniel

doi:10.1021/ac981022v

Cited by 124 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Water buffered with 1 M ammonium acetate (1 ml/1 L H 2 O) and acetonitrile were used in gradient elution. The analysis method was adapted from Grosjean et al (1999).…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl compounds in boreal coniferous forest air in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland

et al. 2004

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Abstract.A variety of C 1 -C 12 carbonyl compounds were measured in the air of a boreal coniferous forest located in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland. 24-hour samples were collected during March and April in 2003 using DNPH (2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine) coated C 18 -cartridges and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).Altogether 22 carbonyl compounds were quantified. The most abundant carbonyls were acetone (24-hour average 1340 ng/m 3 ), formaldehyde (480 ng/m 3 ) and acetaldehyde (360 ng/m 3 ). Concentrations of monoterpene reaction products nopinone (9 ng/m 3 ) and limona ketone (5 ng/m 3 ) were low compared to the most abundant low molecular weight carbonyls. Trajectory analysis showed that highest concentrations of carbonyls were measured in the air masses coming from the East and the lowest in the air masses cycled long time over Scandinavia. The total concentration of carbonyl compounds in Hyytiälä in March/April 2003 was much higher than the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons and monoterpenes in April 2002.Scaling the concentrations against reactivity with the OHradical showed, that in spite of relatively low ambient concentrations higher molecular weight aldehydes contribute significantly to the total OH-reactive mass of carbonyls. The impact of carbonyl compounds on OH-radical chemistry is important. Contribution of carbonyls as an OH sink is comparable to that of NO 2 and higher than monoterpenes and aromatic hydrocarbons.Lifetimes of the measured carbonyls with respect to reactions with OH radicals, ozone (O 3 ), and nitrate (NO 3 ) radicals as well as photolysis were estimated. The main sink reactions for most of the carbonyl compounds in Hyytiälä in springtime are expected to be reactions with the OH radical and photolysis. For 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and limona ketone also reactions with ozone are important. The sources of Correspondence to: H. Hellén (heidi.hellen@fmi.fi) carbonyl compounds are presently highly uncertain. Based on the comparisons with urban concentrations the direct anthropogenic emissions are not as important as secondary biogenic and anthropogenic sources or primary biogenic sources in Hyytiälä.

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“…Water buffered with 1 M ammonium acetate (1 ml/1 L H 2 O) and acetonitrile were used in gradient elution. The analysis method was adapted from Grosjean et al (1999).…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl compounds in boreal coniferous forest air in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland

et al. 2004

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“…A striking example is formaldehyde, which in aqueous solution predominantly exists as its highly hydrophilic hydrate dihydroxymethane. The reaction with 2,4-phenyl hydrazine in acid solution converts formaldehyde quantitatively into the nonvolatile hydrazone, which has convenient optical absorption properties and lends itself to detection by MS [12]. Derivatization usually works well when a single and highly reactive group is being derivatized in a reaction known to yield a single product quantitatively under mild reaction conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography

Hemström

Irgum²

2006

J of Separation Science

1,076

818

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Separation of polar compounds on polar stationary phases with partly aqueous eluents is by no means a new separation mode in LC. The first HPLC applications were published more than 30 years ago, and were for a long time mostly confined to carbohydrate analysis. In the early 1990s new phases started to emerge, and the practice was given a name, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Although the use of this separation mode has been relatively limited, we have seen a sudden increase in popularity over the last few years, promoted by the need to analyze polar compounds in increasingly complex mixtures. Another reason for the increase in popularity is the widespread use of MS coupled to LC. The partly aqueous eluents high in ACN with a limited need of adding salt is almost ideal for ESI. The applications now encompass most categories of polar compounds, charged as well as uncharged, although HILIC is particularly well suited for solutes lacking charge where coulombic interactions cannot be used to mediate retention. The review attempts to summarize the ongoing discussion on the separation mechanism and gives an overview of the stationary phases used and the applications addressed with this separation mode in LC.

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“…A standard detection method for glyoxal has been to flow air through a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) solution, or coated solid sorbent, collecting carbonyls as hydrazone derivatives. The derivatives are then eluted with acetonitrile and measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (Fung and Grosjean, 1981;Grosjean et al, 1999;E.P.A., 1999). This method has been widely used for measurements of airborne glyoxal (Munger et al, 1995;Lee et al, 1998;Kawamura et al, 2000;Grosjean et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of glyoxal using an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer

et al. 2008

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Abstract.We describe an instrument for simultaneous measurements of glyoxal (CHOCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a broadband light source. The output of a Xenon arc lamp is coupled into a 1 m optical cavity, and the spectrum of light exiting the cavity is recorded by a grating spectrometer with a charge-coupled device (CCD) array detector. The mirror reflectivity and effective path lengths are determined from the known Rayleigh scattering of He and dry zero air (N 2 +O 2 ). Least-squares fitting, using published reference spectra, allow the simultaneous retrieval of CHOCHO, NO 2 , O 4 , and H 2 O in the 441 to 469 nm spectral range. For a 1-min sampling time, the precision (±1σ ) on signal for measurements of CHOCHO and NO 2 is 29 pptv and 20 pptv, respectively. We directly compare measurements made with the incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer with those from cavity ringdown instruments detecting CHOCHO and NO 2 at 404 and 532 nm, respectively, and find linear agreement over a wide range of concentrations. The instrument has been tested in the laboratory with both synthetic and real air samples, and the demonstrated sensitivity and specificity suggest a strong potential for field measurements of both CHOCHO and NO 2 .

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Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Carbonyl (2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazones with Detection by Diode Array Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and by Atmospheric Pressure Negative Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 124 publications

References 38 publications

Carbonyl compounds in boreal coniferous forest air in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland

Carbonyl compounds in boreal coniferous forest air in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography

Measurement of glyoxal using an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer

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