Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for detection of estrogen in commercial oils and in fruit seed oils

Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits, Techniques, and Applications

“…Pomegranate seed oil consists of 65% to 80% conjugated fatty acids (Abbasi and others ) and has the highest botanical concentration of a sex hormone (estrone) at 17 mg/kg dry seed (Abbasi and others ). It was reported to present biological properties (Eikani and others ), such as antioxidant and eicosanoid enzyme inhibition properties (Qu and others ), immune function and lipid metabolism (Yamasaki and others ), estrogen content (Tong and others ), skin photoaging inhibition effect (Park and others ), lipoperoxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes (de Melo and others ), toxicological evaluation (Meerts and others ), and protective effect against gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity (Boroushaki and others ). Goula and Adamopoulos () successfully spray‐dried pomegranate oil with 95.6% encapsulation efficiency using SMP as an encapsulating agent.…”

The study of core–shell molecularly imprinted polymers of 17β-estradiol on the surface of silica nanoparticles

“…Therefore, considerable attention is focused on developing more effective analytical methods for determining these compounds in environmental samples at low concentration levels. The most commonly methods for the analysis of estrogens are LC-MS (Tong et al, 2006) and GC-MS (Arroyo et al, 2007), however, sample pretreatment is a key link such as solid phase extraction (SPE), dSPE, etc., the classical sorbents (C 8 , C 18 , etc. ) and the material of coating showed poor selectivity to analytes because of complex matrix effects.…”

Self-assembly molecularly imprinted polymers of 17β-estradiol on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles for selective separation and detection of estrogenic hormones in feeds

“…On the other hand, because their low concentrations commonly coexisted with the complexity matrices, it is necessary to develop highly sensitive and selective methods to determine these estrogens at trace levels. The most commonly used methods include immunological methods [8], chemiluminescence [9], HPLC [10], LC-MS [11], GC-MS [12,13], which combined with sample pretreatment methods, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solidphase extraction (SPE), pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), etc., are the most commonly used techniques for detecting endogenous estrogens. These processes were considered complicated, time consuming, to have low selectivity, and use large amounts of organic solvents.…”