Liquid chromatographic determination of bromide in human milk and plasma

Goewie, C.E.; Hogendoorn, E.A.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82016-2

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The range of uses of halide and its determination in consumer products and industrial processes is vast, reaching to areas such as toothpastes and dental products (Potter et al 1986, Hattab 1987, Sandulescu et al 1996, the determination of halide in vegetation (Vijan and Alder 1984), bromide and iodide determination in milk sources (Lawrence et al 1983, Goewie andHogendoorn 1985), pharmaceutical products (Abramovic et al 1993, Risley et al 1996, the monitoring of halide as a pollutant in industrial wastes and waste waters (Riggin et al 1984, Bryant et al 1990 and the determination of halide in food products such as cheese, wines and vinegars (Gonzalez et al 1991, Garcia et al 1992, to name but a very few.…”

Section: Halide In Consumer Products and Industrial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical halide sensing using fluorescence quenching: theory, simulations and applications - a review

Geddes¹

2001

Meas. Sci. Technol.

252

247

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In the last century the production and application of halides assumed an ever greater importance. In the fields of medicine, dentistry, plastics, pesticides, food, photography etc many new halogen containing compounds have come into everyday use. In an analogous manner many techniques for the detection and determination of halogen compounds and ions have been developed with scientific journals reporting ever more sensitive methods. The 19th century saw the discovery of what is now thought of as a classical method for halide determination, namely the quenching of fluorescence. However, little analytically was done until over 100 years after its discovery, when the first halide sensors based on the quenching of fluorescence started to emerge. Due to the typical complexity of fluorescence quenching kinetics of optical halide sensors and their lack of selectivity, they have found little if any place commercially, despite their sensitivity, where other techniques such as ion-selective electrodes, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and colorimetry have dominated the analytical market. In this review article the author summarizes the relevant theory and work to date for halide sensing using fluorescence quenching methods and outlines the future potential that fluorescence quenching based optical sensors have to offer in halide determination.

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Section: Halide In Consumer Products and Industrial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical halide sensing using fluorescence quenching: theory, simulations and applications - a review

Geddes¹

2001

Meas. Sci. Technol.

252

247

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“…With a threshold set, any equine plasma sample is deemed to be positive for a prohibited substance if its bromide concentration determined accurately exceeds the plasma bromide threshold plus the measurement uncertainty of the quantification method, and if its presence can be confirmed using an unequivocal confirmation method. Numerous methods have been reported for the qualitative identification of bromide in biological samples using gas chromatography (GC),11–13 liquid chromatography (LC),14–16 capillary electrophoresis17 and ICP/MS 18. These methods, however, do not meet the requirements stipulated in the Association of Official Racing Chemists (AORC) Guidelines for the Minimum Criteria for Identification by Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, 19 the criteria adopted by most racing laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the misuse of bromide in horses

Wan

Wong

et al. 2010

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Bromide is a sedative hypnotic. Due to its potential use as a sedative or calmative agent in competition horses, a method to control bromide is needed. Colorimetric method had been employed in the authors' laboratory from 2003 for the semi-quantification of bromide in equine plasma samples. However, the method was found to be highly susceptible to matrix interference, and was replaced in 2008 with a more reliable inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) method. Equine plasma was protein-precipitated using trichloroacetic acid, diluted with nitric acid, and then submitted directly to ICP/MS analysis. Since bromide is naturally occurring in equine plasma, a threshold is necessary to control its misuse in horses. Based on population studies (n = 325), a threshold of 90 µg/mL was proposed (with a risk factor of less than 1 in 10 000). Using the ICP/MS screening method, equine plasma samples with bromide greater than 85 µg/mL would be further quantified using the more accurate ICP/MS standard addition method. Confirmation of bromide was achieved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with the bromide detected as its pentafluorobenzyl derivative. A sample is considered positive if its plasma bromide concentration exceeds the threshold (90 µg/mL) plus the measurement uncertainty of the quantification method (8 µg/mL at 99% 1-tailed confidence level) and its presence is confirmed using the GC-MS method. Following oral administration of potassium bromide (60 g each) to two geldings, plasma bromide levels peaked after approximately 2 hours at about 300 µg/mL, and then remained above the threshold for 8 and 13 days respectively.

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“…X-ray fluorescence spectrometric methods (4-7) and neutron activation analysis (7) were used for seawaters and biological fluids. Ion chromatographic separations followed by UV detection (8,9), conductometry (10), ion-selective electrode analysis (11), and catalytic photometric detection (12) are reported in the literature for bromide and iodide determination in different matrices (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of bromide and iodide as acetone derivatives by gas chromatography and electron capture detection in natural waters and biological fluids

Maros¹,

Kaldy²,

Igaz³

1989

Anal. Chem.

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Oxidation of bromide and iodide ions in acidic solutions in the presence of acetone forms the corresponding acetone derivatives. Iodate was reduced with thiosulfate prior to the determination. After extraction with benzene the bromo- and iodoacetone were measured by gas chromatography using electron capture detection. The bromide and iodide contents of rainwater, drinking water, river water, seawater, oil brine, common salt, cow milk, and human blood serum were determined. The relative standard deviations for bromide at 10(-7) M and for iodide at 10(-8) M concentration were 1.9% and 3.0%, respectively, using a 10-mL sample for the determination without preconcentration.

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Liquid chromatographic determination of bromide in human milk and plasma

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Optical halide sensing using fluorescence quenching: theory, simulations and applications - a review

Optical halide sensing using fluorescence quenching: theory, simulations and applications - a review

Control of the misuse of bromide in horses

Simultaneous determination of bromide and iodide as acetone derivatives by gas chromatography and electron capture detection in natural waters and biological fluids

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