Liquid Biopsy for Cancer: Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Free DNA or Exosomes?

Zhang, Wei; Xia, Wenjie; Lv, Zhenye; Ni, Chao; Yin, Xiaoyi; Yang, Liu

doi:10.1159/000458736

Cited by 209 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…"Liquid biopsy" [8], where body fluids (e.g., blood) is screened for biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating free DNA, or exosomes [9], has attracted extensive attention due to its advantages such as ease of obtaining samples, being less invasive, and being easy to track. Circulating tumor cells, which are cells shed into the bloodstream from primary tumors, recurrences, or metastases, and possess tumor-specific characteristics [10], are good targets for liquid biopsy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells in Ovarian Cancer and Their Clinical Value as a Biomarker

Zhang

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Monitoring the appearance and progression of tumors are important for improving the survival rate of patients with ovarian cancer. This study aims to examine circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients to evaluate their clinical significance in comparison to the existing biomarker CA125. Methods: Immuomagnetic bead screening, targeting epithelial antigens on ovarian cancer cells, combined with multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Multiplex RT-PCR) was used to detect CTCs in 211 samples of peripheral blood (5 ml) from 109 EOC patients. CTCs and CA125 were measured in serial from 153 blood and 153 serum samples from 51 patients and correlations with treatment were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of tumor-associated proteins in tumor tissues and compared with gene expression in CTCs from patients. Results: CTCs were detected in 90% (98/109) of newly diagnosed patients. In newly diagnosed patients, the number of CTCs was correlated with stage (p=0.034). Patients with stage IA-IB disease had a CTC positive rate of 93% (13/14), much higher than the CA125 positive rate of only 64% (9/14) for the same patients. The numbers of CTCs changed with treatment, and the expression of EpCAM (p=0.003) and HER2 (p=0.035) in CTCs was correlated with resistance to chemotherapy. Expression of EpCAM in CTCs before treatment was also correlated with overall survival (OS) (p=0.041). Conclusion: Detection of CTCs allows early diagnose and expression of EpCAM in CTC positive patients predicts prognosis and should be helpful for monitoring treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells in Ovarian Cancer and Their Clinical Value as a Biomarker

Zhang

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…These vesicles can contain cargo both internally and embedded in the membrane, including proteins, lipids, and RNA, despite their small size [31]. It is a hot spot in the field of liquid biopsy markers for the vesicles widely are found in blood, urine, milk and other body fluids [32,33]. Urine is a desirable material for the diagnosis and classification of diseases because of the convenience of its collection in large amounts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective enrichment of urinary exosomes by polyethylene glycol for RNA detection

Lv¹,

Yang²

2018

biomedicalresearch

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Urinary exosome is a kind of extracellular vesicles secreted by the cells of kidney and urinary tract. It is an ideal non-invasive biomarker for obtaining information about the state of renal cells. There are few exosomes in urine which are affected by many factors. Enriching exosomes in urine with inexpensive and efficient method is a major challenge. Because exosomes are virus-sized minuscule membrane vesicles or sacs and people used to enrich virus by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), here we use PEG to enrich the exosomes in urine of 17 volunteers. To confirm the harvest of exosomes, the morphology of exosomes were observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the common exosomal protein markers (CD63, CD9, tumor susceptibility gene 101, Flotillin-1 and β-actin) were detected by Western blot, and the size distribution was analysed by Malvin Nano-ZS. Next, the exosomal housekeeping gene of miRNA (SnRNA-U6) and mRNA (β-actin) were tested by qRT-PCR to prove that this method could be used in subsequent experiments.

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“…For example, T. Ashworth discovered CTCs in the 1860s, while using a microscope to examine peripheral blood [20], but only in 2008, the FDA from USA cleared its clinical utilization through the unique CellSearch (Veridex) System with a precise definition of CTCs. With ctDNAs, circulating DNAs were first observed in 1948, but tumor ctDNAs were only mentioned in 1977 and confirmed in 1989.…”

Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al [20]* performed a critical comparison between CTCs, cfDNA and exosomes as biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. They compared the source, characteristics, technology of detection and current situation of the three methods.…”

Section: Liquid Biopsy and Cancer-targeted Precision Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer-Devoted Liquid Biopsies and Applications to Prostate Cancer

Tatischeff¹

2018

J Neoplasm

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Human Prostate cancer (PCa), the second most frequent in men, is facing two yet unsolved problems: first, at diagnosis, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test is not specific enough, which results in too much false positive detection; secondly, at the last tumor step, the metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is of very bad survival prognosis. Therefore, tools are urgently needed for helping the active surveillance before any treatment and for monitoring treatment of advanced prostate cancer for trying to slow down the fatal issue. This survey corresponds to a pertinent -but not completeselection among many recent papers, searched in PubMed and Web of Science with the keywords "Liquid Biopsy" and "Prostate Cancer". It is aimed to give an overview of the existing methods searching for a satisfying reliable clinical test, i. e. obtained from easy accessible bodyfluids such as blood or urine, in order to replace the invasive needle tissue biopsies for frequent therapeutic control of PCa development. Taking into account the huge heterogeneity of the tumor process, elaborating a convenient liquid biopsy is also a necessary step towards a further individually-adapted precision medicine for curing prostate cancer. The most promising perspectives for clinical analysis of PCa through liquid biopsy will be discussed.

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Liquid Biopsy for Cancer: Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Free DNA or Exosomes?

Cited by 209 publications

References 104 publications

Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells in Ovarian Cancer and Their Clinical Value as a Biomarker

Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells in Ovarian Cancer and Their Clinical Value as a Biomarker

Effective enrichment of urinary exosomes by polyethylene glycol for RNA detection

Cancer-Devoted Liquid Biopsies and Applications to Prostate Cancer

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