Liquid biofertilizers as a sustainable solution for agriculture

Advances in the Development of Biofertilizers and Biostimulants from Microalgae

“…Liquid formulations are composed of approximately 10 to 40% microorganisms, 1–3% suspending ingredient, 1–5% dispersant, 3–8% surfactant, and 35–65% carrier liquid (oil or water) [ 33 ]. These liquid products are of interest not only for their long useful life, ability to withstand high temperatures (up to 45 °C), ease of storage, and application in both seeds and soils, but also for their ability to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers from 15 to 40% [ 33 , 35 ]. However, it is important to highlight that, although these products can be stored for a long time, microorganisms can face stress due to nutrient limitation or hypoxia, which would cause the population in the formulation to drastically decrease, so authors such as Lee [ 36 ] suggest that the product should be used in the shortest possible time and stored at cool temperatures (8–15 °C).…”

“…Biofertilizers and biostimulants obtained from microalgae are products considered to have high beneficial potential in modern agriculture since they allow for improvements in the absorption of nutrients, increase the efficiency of crops, and improve the physiological state of plants [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. Authors such as Mousa [ 35 ] report that, currently, in countries such as Jordan, India, and the United States, there are companies that produce and market liquid biofertilizers based on algae, reporting successful cases for fruit and vegetable crops, as well as field crops. For the case of India, it should be noted that, in 1990, the Biotechnology Department of the Govt.…”

Environmental microbiome engineering for the mitigation of climate change

“…However, solid carriers are generally more challenging to manufacture and deliver at scale (Santos et al, 2019). By contrast, culturing inocula in liquid carriers is fast, scalable, has a longer shelf life, and can be easier to deliver to the environment than solid carriers (Allouzi et al, 2022).…”

“…However, solid carriers are generally more challenging to manufacture and deliver at scale (Santos et al, 2019). By contrast, culturing inocula in liquid carriers is fast, scalable, has a longer shelf life, and can be easier to deliver to the environment than solid carriers (Allouzi et al, 2022). However, liquid can restructure inocula (Čaušević et al, 2022; Howard et al, 2017; Zegeye et al, 2019) and reduce the capacity for establishment into a solid, spatially structured target environment like soil.…”

Combined benefits of fermented washed rice water and NPK mineral fertilizer on plant growth and soil fertility over three field planting cycles

“…[ 2 , [19] , [20] , [21] ] concluded that WRW is useful as a plant fertilizer, particularly over the course of several planting cycles, and that WRW is akin to a sustainable liquid biofertilizer [ 22 ]. However, their trials were conducted under controlled conditions of a rain shelter.…”