Liquid argon test of the ARAPUCA device

Segreto, E.; Machado, A. A.; Paulucci, L.; Marinho, F.; Galante, Douglas; Guedes, S.; Fauth, A. C.; Teixeira, Verônica C.; Gelli, B.; Guzzo, M. Reggiani; Araújo, Wanderley Pereira de; Ambrósio, Carlos Eduardo; Bissiano, M; Filho, Arnaldo Luís Lixandrão

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/08/p08021

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is also useful for investigating the influence of changes in single components over the device's performance. ARAPUCA simulation has been validated against experimental data [2,5] proving to be a powerful tool in the device's development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A complete simulation of the X-ARAPUCA device for detection of scintillation photons

et al. 2020

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A: The concept of the ARAPUCA device is relatively new and involves increasing the effective area for photon collection of SiPMs by the use of a box with highly reflective internal walls, wavelength shifters, and a dichroic filter to allow the light to enter the box and not the leave it. There were a number of tests showing the good performance of this device. Recently an improvement on the original design was proposed: the inclusion of a WLS bar inside the box to guide photons more efficiently to the SiPMs. We present a full simulation of the device using Geant4. We have included all the material properties that are available in the literature and the relevant detailed properties for adequate photon propagation available in the framework. Main results include estimates of detection efficiency as a function of the number, shape, and placing of SiPMs, width of the WLS bar, its possible attenuation, and the existence of a gap between the bar and the SiPMs. Improvement on the efficiency with respect to the original ARAPUCA design is 15-40%. The ARAPUCA simulation has been validated in a number of experimental setups and is a useful tool to help making design choices for future experiments devices. K: Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc); Noble liquid detectors (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the photon gets converted by the second shifter, it will not be allowed to pass the filter on the way out of the box, being effectively trapped inside it. The ARAPUCA has been tested in different experimental setups [2,3] and has been showing a detection efficiency on the order of a few percent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complete simulation of the X-ARAPUCA device for detection of scintillation photons

et al. 2020

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“…Three different technologies are implemented in ProtoDUNE-SP: double shift light guides [14], dip-coated light guides [15] and ARAPUCA. The ARAPUCA [16][17][18] technology consist of a highly reflective box closed on all sides but one where a dichroic filter is located. The filter is externally coated with pTP (P-Terphenyl) shifting 128 nm (or 178 nm) light to 350 nm, where it is transparent, and coated internally with TPB (Tetraphenyl Butadiene) that shifts the incoming light to 430 nm, where the filter is reflective.…”

Section: Photon Detection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenon doping of Liquid Argon in ProtoDUNE Single Phase

Gallice

2021

Preprint

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The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be the next generation long-baseline neutrino experiment. The far detector is designed as a complex of four LAr-TPC (Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber) modules with 17 kt of liquid argon each. The development and validation of the first far detector technology is pursued through ProtoDUNE Single Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP), a 770 t LAr-TPC at CERN Neutrino Platform. Crucial in DUNE is the Photon Detection System that will ensure the trigger of non-beam events -proton decay, supernova neutrino burst and BSM searches -and will improve the timing and calorimetry for neutrino beam events. Doping liquid argon with xenon is a known technique to shift the light emitted by argon (128 nm) to a longer wavelength (178 nm) to ease its detection. The largest xenon doping test ever performed in a LAr-TPC was carried out in ProtoDUNE-SP. From February to May 2020, a gradually increasing amount of xenon was injected to also compensate for the light loss due to air contamination. The response of such a large TPC has been studied using the ProtoDUNE-SP Photon Detection System (PDS) and a dedicated setup installed before the run. With the first it was possible to study the light collection efficiency with respect to the track position, while with the second it was possible to distinguish the xenon light (178 nm) from the LAr light (128 nm). The light shifting mechanism proved to be highly efficient even at small xenon concentrations (< 20 ppm in mass) furthermore it allowed recovering the light quenched by pollutants. The light collection improved far from the detection plane, enhancing the photon detector response uniformity along the drift direction and confirming a longer Rayleigh scattering length for 178 nm photons, with respect to 128 nm ones. The charge collection by the TPC was monitored proving that xenon up to 20 ppm does not impact its performance.

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“…In the case of 𝛼-particles, a data selection using 𝐹 prompt ratio [22] was performed in order to discriminate genuine 𝛼 signals from muon's ones. An integration interval of 500 ns for the fast component, in the calculation of 𝐹 promp , was chosen.…”

Section: Efficiency Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid argon characterization of the X-ARAPUCA with alpha particles, gamma rays and cosmic muons

Souza,

Segreto,

Machado

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The X-ARAPUCA device is the baseline choice for the photon detection system of the first far detector module of the DUNE experiment. We present the results of the first complete characterization of a small scale X-ARAPUCA prototype, which is a slice of a full DUNE module. Its total detection efficiency in liquid argon was measured with three different ionizing radiations: 𝛼 particles, 𝛾's and muons and resulted to be ∼3.0%. This value comfortably satisfies the requirements of the first DUNE far detector module (detection efficiency >2.0%) and allows to achieve an energy resolution comparable to the one achievable with the Time Projection Chambers for energies below 10 MeV, which is the region relevant for Supernova neutrino detection.

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Liquid argon test of the ARAPUCA device

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

A complete simulation of the X-ARAPUCA device for detection of scintillation photons

A complete simulation of the X-ARAPUCA device for detection of scintillation photons

Xenon doping of Liquid Argon in ProtoDUNE Single Phase

Liquid argon characterization of the X-ARAPUCA with alpha particles, gamma rays and cosmic muons

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