Liquid argon calorimeter performance at high rates

Glatte, A; Kobel, M.; Mader, W. F.; Straessner, A.; Cheplakov, A.; Drobin, V.M.; Ershov, V. P.; Fimushkin, V. V.; Javadov, N.; Kazarinov, M. Y.; Komogorov, E.V.; Kukhtin, V.; Ladygin, E.; Lazarev, A. B.; Merkulov, L.A.; Neganov, A. B.; Petrova, L.; Shilov, S. N.; Usov, Yu. A.; Vadeev, V. P.; Bruncko, D.; Kladiva, E.; Ferencei, J.; Spałek, J.; Stríženec, P.; Degele, R.; Ertel, E.; Handel, C.; Othegraven, Rainer; Secker, H.; Tapprogge, S.; Akimov, A. V.; Blagov, M.; Komar, A. A.; Snesarev, A. A.; Sulin, V. V.; Barillari, T.; Fischer, A.; Huber, J.; Kiryunin, A. E.; Menke, S.; Oberlack, H.; Поспелов, Г. Е.; Salihagić, D.; Schacht, P.; Bedareva, T. V.; Grekhov, A.; Maslennikov, A. L.; Peleganchuk, S. V.; Pivovarov, S.G.; Snopkov, R.; Starostin, A.; Talyshev, A.; Tikhonov, Yu. A.; Afonin, A. G.; Andreev, V.; Anikeev, V.B.; Azhgirey, I.; Bezzubov, V. A.; Chabrov, N.; Denisov, S. P.; Евдокимов, В. Н.; Garkusha, V. I.; Khmaruk, G.; Kozelov, A. V.; Krupny, G. I.; Kulikov, S.; Levin, A.; Malyaev, V. H.; Prokopenko, N.; Rascvetalov, J; Seleznev, V. V.; Солдатов, М. М.; Stoyanova, D. A.; Suzdalev, V.I.; Vasiliev, IL; Voronin, Vladimir E.; Yakimchuk, V. I.; Savin, A.; Shaver, L.; Walker, R.; Chekulaev, S. V.; Kurchaninov, L. L.; Oram, C. J.; Braun, H. M.; Zeitnitz, C.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.12.009

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The values of the LAr gaps for the improved detector were therefore chosen to be roughly 100 µm, 200 µm and 300 µm for sFCal1, 2 and 3, respectively -reductions by factors of 2.7, 1.9 and 1.7 relative to those of the original FCal. Irradiation tests carried out at IHEP/Protvino confirmed that at beam intensities of up to 10 10 protons/s, the peak height of the ionization signal current for the case of the standarddesign FCal will suffer, whereas in the case of a prototype constructed with the same basic design but with LAr gaps approximately 44% the original size (a reduction from 269 µm to 119 µm), the peak height was shown to be stable even up to the highest beam intensities recorded in the test setup [8]. The high-voltage sagging effects would be countered by employing protection resistors in the sFCal a factor of ten smaller than the 1-2 MΩ resistors used in the FCal.…”

Section: B Proposed Finer-granularity Fcal Replacementmentioning

confidence: 94%

Upgrade of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeters for the high-luminosity LHC

McCarthy

2016

2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/R

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The increased particle flux at the high luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), with instantaneous luminosities of up to 7.5 times the original design value, will have an impact on many sub-systems of the ATLAS detector. This contribution highlights the particular impacts on the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter system, together with an overview of the various upgrade plans leading up to the HL-LHC. The higher luminosities are of particular importance for the forward calorimeters (FCal), where the expected increase in the ionization load poses a number of problems that can degrade the FCal performance such as beam heating and space-charge effects in the liquid argon gaps and high-voltage drop due to increased current drawn over the current-limiting resistors. A proposed FCal replacement as a way to counter some of these problems is weighed against the risks associated with the replacement. To further mitigate the effects of increased pile-up, the installation of a high-granularity timing detector at the front face of each end-cap cryostat is also currently under consideration. Several different sensor technologies and layouts are being investigated.

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Section: B Proposed Finer-granularity Fcal Replacementmentioning

confidence: 94%

Upgrade of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeters for the high-luminosity LHC

McCarthy

2016

2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/R

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“…The most affected is the forward region of the detector where HEC, EMEC and FCal are located. The limitations in operation, signal reconstruction and radiation hardness of the end-cap and forward calorimeters at very high intensities have been studied in the Hilum [6] R&D project. Small modules of the EMEC, HEC and FCal calorimeters were built, placed in separate cryostats and exposed to high intensity proton beams of 50 GeV at IHEP (Protvino, Russia).…”

Section: Expected Radiation Doses and Their Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation tests and expected performance of readout electronics of the ATLAS Hadronic Endcap calorimeter for the HL-LHC

Ahmadov

2014

J. Inst.

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The readout electronics of the ATLAS Hadronic Endcap Calorimeter will have to withstand an about 3–5 times higher radiation doses at the future high-luminosity LHC compared to the LHC design values. The radiation damages of the front-end electronics made in GaAs technology could significantly affect the hadronic endcap calorimeter performance. Recent measurements of characteristics of neutron and proton irradiated ASICs at room and liquid argon temperatures are reported, which allow an improved assessment of the expected degradation in high-luminosity LHC conditions. The results of these measurements are furthermore applied to simulations of the calorimeter performance. Results from replacement technologies, like Si CMOS, are also presented.

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“…A small prototype of the first layer of the planned FCal replacement, with smaller LAr gaps, was tested [11] and on figure 13 the stability of the signal is shown as a function of proton beam intensity, up to values exceeding those expected at the HL-LHC. The other option would be a small calorimeter in front of the high−η part of the existing FCal, in order to absorb some of the energy in this region of very high particle flux.…”

Section: Phase-2 Upgradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter after three years of LHC operation and plans for a future upgrade

Stríženec¹

2014

J. Inst.

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The ATLAS experiment is designed to study the proton-proton collisions produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Liquid Argon sampling calorimeters are used for all electromagnetic calorimetry covering the pseudorapidity region up to 3.2, as well as for hadronic calorimetry in the range 1.4-4.9. The electromagnetic calorimeters use lead as passive material and are characterized by an accordion geometry that allows a fast and uniform azimuthal response.Copper and tungsten were chosen as passive material for the hadronic calorimetry; whereas a parallel plate geometry was adopted at large polar angles, an innovative one based on cylindrical electrodes with thin argon gaps was designed for the coverage at low angles, where the particles flow is higher. All detectors are housed in three cryostats kept at 88.5 K. After installation in 2004-2006, the calorimeters were extensively commissioned over the three years period prior to first collisions in 2009, using cosmic rays and single LHC beams. Since then, around 27 fb −1 of data have been collected at a unprecedented center of mass energies between 7 TeV and 8 TeV. During all these stages, the calorimeter and its electronics have been operating with performances very close to the specification ones. After 2019, the instantaneous luminosity will reach 2-3×10 34 cm −2 s −1 , well above the luminosity for which the calorimeter was designed. In order to preserve its triggering capabilities, the detector will be upgraded with a new fully digital trigger system with a refined granularity. In 2023, the instantaneous luminosity will ultimately reach 5-7×10 34 cm −2 s −1 , requiring a complete replacement of the readout electronics. Moreover, with an increased particle flux, several phenomena (liquid argon boiling, space charge effects. . . ) will affect the performance of the forward calorimeter (FCal). A replacement with a new FCal with smaller LAr gaps or a new calorimeter module are considered. The performance of these new calorimeters is being studied in highest intensity particle beams. This contribution covers all aspects of the first three years of operation. The excellent performance achieved is especially detailed in the context of the discovery

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Liquid argon calorimeter performance at high rates

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Upgrade of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeters for the high-luminosity LHC

Upgrade of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeters for the high-luminosity LHC

Irradiation tests and expected performance of readout electronics of the ATLAS Hadronic Endcap calorimeter for the HL-LHC

Performance of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter after three years of LHC operation and plans for a future upgrade

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