Liquid and Solid Metal Embrittlement

Intermediate temperature embrittlement of copper alloys

“…304 Metal-induced embrittlement, and more specifically LME, vary strongly in severity with the material system at hand: this has been termed the 'specificity' of MIE. Some common characteristics tend to be featured by documented embrittled/embrittler metal pairs: low mutual solubility, lack of mutual intermetallics, similar electronegativity; 298,301,302 however, all rules that have been proposed so far suffer exceptions. 302 It is often stated that MIE is far more general than published data may imply, to the point where even the notion of any 'specificity' of the phenomenon has been disputed, particularly for LME.…”

“…Some common characteristics tend to be featured by documented embrittled/embrittler metal pairs: low mutual solubility, lack of mutual intermetallics, similar electronegativity; 298,301,302 however, all rules that have been proposed so far suffer exceptions. 302 It is often stated that MIE is far more general than published data may imply, to the point where even the notion of any 'specificity' of the phenomenon has been disputed, particularly for LME. 302,307,310 One main reason why the occurrence of MIE is judged wider than data suggest, is that observation of the phenomenon is highly dependent on testing conditions (temperature, strain rate, presence of a notch, etc.).…”

“…302 It is often stated that MIE is far more general than published data may imply, to the point where even the notion of any 'specificity' of the phenomenon has been disputed, particularly for LME. 302,307,310 One main reason why the occurrence of MIE is judged wider than data suggest, is that observation of the phenomenon is highly dependent on testing conditions (temperature, strain rate, presence of a notch, etc.). An important cause for this dependence is the need, in the study of LME, for good wetting between the embrittling liquid and the solid metal, which is often difficult to produce with liquid metal.…”

“…An important cause for this dependence is the need, in the study of LME, for good wetting between the embrittling liquid and the solid metal, which is often difficult to produce with liquid metal. 301,302,307 Fracture by MIE is generally intergranular in polycrystalline materials; 298,299,301,302 however, this is not always so and even single crystals or amorphous alloys are sensitive to the phenomenon (e.g. Refs.…”

Plastic behavior-dependent weldability of heat-treatable aluminum alloys in friction stir welding

“…The consequence is the unexpected fracture with the appearance of tears on the external surface of the extruded part [41]. This defect is more likely to appear in heavily alloyed aluminum, characterized by the high density of intragranular and intergranular second phase particles [42]. For the same reason, in FSW of heavily alloyed aluminum such as AA7075-T6, the rotational speed represents a critical parameter for the occurrence of a phenomenon similar to hot tearing in extrusion, here defined as intermittent material flow.…”